Rag expression identifies B and T cell lymphopoietic tissues during the development of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Huttenhuis, Heidi B.T.; Huising, Mark O.; Meulen, Talitha van der; Oosterhoud, C.N. van; Álvarez-Sánchez, Nuria; Taverne-Thiele, Anja J.; Stroband, H.W.J.; Rombout, J.H.W.M.

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.03.005

Cited by 67 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Cells (Romano et al 1998) and humoral factors (Huttenhuis et al 2005a) of the innate immune system are already present at 2 dpf, while the thymus (the first organ of the adaptive immune system) starts developing from 3 to 4 dpf (Romano et al 1999;Huttenhuis et al 2005). Systemic antibody responses appear considerably later at 1-2 months, while juvenile tolerance is evoked before this age (Mughal and Manning 1985;Van Muiswinkel et al 1985;Mughal et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, it was not possible to examine intestines of older fish with in situ hybridization, because the background reaction was too high then (Huttenhuis et al 2005). Whole mount in situ hybridization was performed as described previously with a carp rag-1 probe (Huttenhuis et al 2005).…”

Section: Whole Mount In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed as described before (Huttenhuis et al 2005). Note that animals were bled completely before the procedure.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is convincingly established that this recombination coincides with the expression of recombination activating gene-1 (rag-1) and rag-2 (Schatz et al 1989;van Gent et al 1995), and can be performed exclusively by these proteins Hiom and Gellert 1997). Recently, rag-1 was sequenced in carp (Huttenhuis et al 2005), enabling us to investigate rag-1 expression in the carp intestine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

et al. 2005

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The ontogeny of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) immune cells was studied in mucosal organs (intestine, gills and skin) using the monoclonal antibodies WCL38 (intraepithelial lymphocytes), WCL15 (monocytes/macrophages) and WCI12 (B cells). In addition, recombination activating gene 1 expression was examined in the intestine with real time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization to investigate extrathymic generation of lymphocytes. WCL38 + intraepithelial lymphocytes (putative T cells) appeared in the intestine at 3 days postfertilization (dpf), which is shortly after hatching but before feeding, implying an important function at early age. These lymphoid cells appear in the intestine before the observation of the first thymocytes at 3-4 dpf, and together with the expression of recombination activating gene 1 in the intestine, suggests that similar to mammals at least part of these cells are generated in the intestine. WCL15 + monocytes/macrophages appeared in the lamina propria of the intestine at 7 dpf, but considerably later in the epithelium, while WCI12 + (B) cells appeared in intestine and gills at 6-7 weeks. From these results it can be concluded that putative T cells occur much earlier than B cells, and that B cells appear much later in the mucosae than in other internal lymphoid organs (2 wpf).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole Mount In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed as described before (Huttenhuis et al 2005). Note that animals were bled completely before the procedure.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

et al. 2005

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“…Fish have less developed and slower immune responses compared to other higher vertebrate animals (Manning 1998). Activation of the adaptive immune system requires specifi c receptor selection, cellular proliferation, and protein synthesis, and all of these are limited by temperature (Harding and Neefjes 2005, Huttenhuis et al 2005, Randelli et al 2008. For example, salmonids require 4-6 weeks, while Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 needs 10-12 weeks to exhibit the specifi c immune responses (Ellis 2001a, Magnadóttir et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Timalata

Krishnaveni

Rao

et al. 2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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., Arockiaraj J. 2015. Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fi sh species. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (3): 221-230.Background. Fish epidermal mucus is a key component of innate immune system and plays a major role in protecting fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes. The information on the role of epidermal mucus components is insuffi cient for many commercially important freshwater fi sh species. Hence, this study was directed to understand the innate immune components of epidermal mucus in these fi sh species. Materials and methods. Mucus samples were obtained from African catfi sh, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822); Indonesian snakehead, Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831); striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793); marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); and Asian redtail catfi sh, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840). The variation in the protein profi le of the mucus were observed using SDS-PAGE analysis. The specifi c activities of various hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and protease were analysed in the mucus and the levels of enzyme activities were compared among the experimental fi shes. We also elucidated the effect of various protease inhibitors on the protease activity and identifi ed the type of proteases in the fi sh mucus by azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography. Results. Signifi cantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of lysozyme-, alkaline phosphatase-, and esterase activities were observed to be 15.77, 18.96, and 10.65 U · mg -1 protein respectively in C. striatus followed by 13.67, 15.06, and 16.67 U · mg -1 protein, respectively in C. gariepinus. The highest level of protease activity was recorded in H. nemurus (1630.97 U · mg -1 protein) and C. gariepinus (1596.4 U · mg -1 protein). A wide range of variation was noticed in the enzyme activities of fi shes, even from the same genus, for example C. micropeltes and C. striatus. Specifi c inhibitors were added to azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography experiments to characterize the individual proteases present in the mucus of each fi sh species. This result revealed the highest level of serine proteases in mucus of redtail catfi sh and African catfi sh compared to cysteine and metalloproteases. In contrast, Indonesian snakehead and marble goby had similar levels of serine, cysteine and metalloproteases. Conclusion. This study provides an insight into the presence of various epidermal mucus enzymes in fi shes and therefore believed to be the components of innate immune system that may possibly provide protection for the fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes.

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2012

Fish Pathology

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Rag expression identifies B and T cell lymphopoietic tissues during the development of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cited by 67 publications

References 53 publications

The ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The ontogeny of mucosal immune cells in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

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