RAFTing down under: Tales of missing radicals, fancy architectures, and mysterious holes

Barner‐Kowollik, Christopher; Davis, Thomas P.; Heuts, Johan P. A.; Stenzel, Martina H.; Vana, Philipp; Whittaker, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/pola.10567

Cited by 456 publications

(383 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…19,29,[42][43][44][45][46] As a RAFT CTA may contain a functional R as well as Z group, the core of the star polymer can be chosen to be part of either of them. This has important consequences for the polymerisation process.…”

Section: 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step RAFT synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic star polymers and their self-assembly in aqueous solution

et al. 2012

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Multifunctional chain transfer agents for RAFT polymerisation were designed for the one-step synthesis of amphiphilic star polymers. Thus, hydrophobically end-capped 3-and 4-arm star polymers, as well as linear ones for reference, were made of the hydrophilic monomer N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) in high yield with molar masses up to 150 000 g mol À1, narrow molar mass distribution (PDI # 1.2) and high end group functionality ($90%). The associative telechelic polymers form transient networks of interconnected aggregates in aqueous solution, thus acting as efficient viscosity enhancers and rheology modifiers, eventually forming hydrogels. The combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology experiments revealed that several molecular parameters control the structure and therefore the physical properties of the aggregates. In addition to the size of the hydrophilic block (maximum length for connection) and the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain ends (stickiness), the number of arms (functionality) proved to be a key parameter.

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Section: 41mentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step RAFT synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic star polymers and their self-assembly in aqueous solution

et al. 2012

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“…Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization [1][2][3], along with other equally important living radical techniques, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [4] and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [5,6], has revolutionized radical polymerization as it allows for the controlled generation of complex macromolecular architectures such as comb-, block-and star-(co)polymers with narrow polydispersities and controlled molecular weights. It is the unique versatility of the RAFT process with respect to polymerization conditions and monomer systems and its ability to generate the above mentioned architectures that makes it a highly attractive method to generate novel materials with unsurpassed properties that otherwise would not be obtainable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in fluid CO2

et al. 2004

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Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of styrene in fluid CO 2 have been carried out at 80°C and 300 bar using cumyl dithiobenzoate as the controlling agent in the concentration range of 3.5·10 -3 to 2.1·10 -2 mol/L. This is the first report on RAFT polymerization in fluid CO 2 . The polymerization rates were retarded depending on the employed RAFT agent concentration with no significant difference between the RAFT polymerization performed in fluid CO 2 and in toluene. Full chain length distributions were analyzed with respect to peak molecular weights, indicating the successful control of radical polymerization in fluid CO 2 . A characterization of the peak widths may suggest a minor influence of fluid CO 2 on the addition reaction of macroradicals on the dithiobenzoate group.

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“…A chain transfer agent (CTA) (also called RAFT agent) ensures this equilibrium during the propagation steps, as shown in Fig. 5 [87,88]. The reduction of active chain concentration results in a narrow distribution of the chain length, with a polydispersity index (PDI), for PNIPAM, able to reach values around 1.20, but PDI below 1.10 can be obtained in optimal conditions [89][90][91].…”

Section: Reversible Addition-fragmentation Chain Transfer (Raft) Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

PNIPAM grafted surfaces through ATRP and RAFT polymerization: Chemistry and bioadhesion

Conzatti

Cavalié

Combes

et al. 2017

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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a b s t r a c tBiomaterials surface design is critical for the control of materials and biological system interactions. Being regulated by a layer of molecular dimensions, bioadhesion could be effectively tailored by polymer surface grafting. Basically, this surface modification can be controlled by radical polymerization, which is a useful tool for this purpose. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of surface characteristics on bioadhesion properties. We place a particular focus on biomaterials functionalized with a brush surface, on presentation of grafting techniques for "grafting to" and "grafting from" strategies and on brush characterization methods. Since atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization are the most frequently used grafting techniques, their main characteristics will be explained. Through the example of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) which is a widely used polymer allowing tuneable cell adhesion, smart surfaces involving PNIPAM will be presented with their main modern applications.

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RAFTing down under: Tales of missing radicals, fancy architectures, and mysterious holes

Cited by 456 publications

References 62 publications

One-step RAFT synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic star polymers and their self-assembly in aqueous solution

One-step RAFT synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic star polymers and their self-assembly in aqueous solution

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in fluid CO2

PNIPAM grafted surfaces through ATRP and RAFT polymerization: Chemistry and bioadhesion

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