Raft‐forming polysaccharides for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Systematic review

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition induced by unwarranted reflux of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus, and insufficient clearance of refluxate from it. Pharmaceutical formulations possessing raft‐forming capability offers an excellent alternative to conventional treatment options to treat uncomplicated GORD. These formulations typically contain a polymer, which performs distinctively upon contact with gastric acid and develops a foam‐like structure that can float on gastric contents. This review aims to feature research articles and patents that cover this topic. After undergoing a standardized literature search following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines, we have included 38 research articles and 18 patents describing the role of raft‐forming polymers in the treatment of GORD. This is a comprehensive review of formulation/testing of raft‐forming polymers. As expected, the majority of the studies focused on alginate; however, fewer studies have reported the use of pectin, xanthan gum, and raw psyllium fibers (husk). Moreover, it can be concluded from this comprehensive systematic review that a detailed characterization of raft‐forming formulations, type, and concentration of used active and inactive materials and different formulations factors are essential for the development of successful anti‐reflux raft‐forming formulations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48012.

Drug Delivery Approaches for Managing Overactive Bladder (OAB): A Systematic Review

“…The data was extracted from all the eligible studies using a form ( Table S1 ) developed by the principal investigator, which was used and verified by the lead author. The extracted information was subsequently tabulated using Microsoft Word 2019 following an already published method [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The extracted information includes active pharmaceutical ingredient used, drug delivery route, in vitro/in vivo studies, excipients and study characteristics.…”

The Usages and Potential Uses of Alginate for Healthcare Applications

“…Alginate also possesses raft-forming properties like Gaviscon Liquid (GL), containing sodium alginate, CaCO 3 , NaHCO 3 , and flourishes a robust floating raft in the bitter domain of the abdomen (Yousaf et al, 2019). The alginate-based hydrogels are frequently associated with therapeutics of other origins such as antacids to amplify the competence of raft formulations (Mandel et al, 2000).…”

Physicochemical properties of various alginate-based raft-forming antacid products: a comparative study

“…RM, which did not contain either calcium carbonate or aluminium salts, also had poor raft strength, but slightly higher than that of aluminium-containing products. 6,11,13…”

“…This carbon dioxide gets entrapped within the alginate gel matrix, giving it the buoyancy to float over the gastric contents, thus forming a raft. 1,10,11 Minor differences in the properties of alginate, its concentration and the type of antacid in the raft-forming formulations may affect the strength and properties of the raft formed. 8,12,13 Antacids like calcium carbonate are reported to form rafts of greater strength and porosity compared with aluminum or magnesium-based antacids.…”

“…Thus, determination of the physical and chemical properties of the raft becomes important for assessment of product performance. 8,[11][12][13][14] The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevant physicochemical characteristics of six alginate-based raft formulations marketed in India as indicators of their in vivo raft performance.…”