Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides: Friend or Foe for Human and Plant Health?

Elango, Dinakaran; Rajendran, Karthika; Laan, Liza Van der; Sebastiar, Sheelamary; Raigne, Joscif; Thaiparambil, Naveen Arakkal; Haddad, N. I.; Raja, Bharath; Wang, Wanyan; Ferela, Antonella; Chiteri, Kevin O.; Thudi, Mahendar; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Chopra, Surinder; Singh, Arti; Singh, Asheesh K.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.829118

Cited by 94 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 172 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Accumulative evidence from genetic analysis of seed vigor and longevity in different crops has indicated the important role of RFOs in seed longevity [ 6 , 22 ]. Since during seed storage, the temperature and relative humidity (RH) enhance the aging process, thus aging can be induced artificially by challenging the seed to high temperature and RH under controlled conditions.…”

Section: Metabolic and Molecular Fluctuations During Seed Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parallelly, carbohydrates and/or sugars have emerged as promising components and have shown to be involved in regulating seed vigor and longevity in recent decades. Carbohydrates are the fundamental cellular elements, characterized by the basic chemical formula [C x (H 2 O) y ], and contain carbon hydrates [ 21 , 22 ]. Mainly, sugars are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, that have been classified largely by molecular size, individual monomer properties, degree of polymerization (DP), and type of linkages [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants usually store carbon as starch and translocate it as sucrose [ 24 ]. However, several plant species can retain and distribute alternative carbohydrates such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) [ 6 , 22 , 25 , 26 ]. RFOs are transported through phloem in the members of the family Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, which form a symplasm with mesophyll and sieve components [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several plant species can retain and distribute alternative carbohydrates such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) [ 6 , 22 , 25 , 26 ]. RFOs are transported through phloem in the members of the family Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, which form a symplasm with mesophyll and sieve components [ 27 , 28 ]. RFOs are stored carbohydrates in seeds, and one of their hypothesized purposes is to provide immediately available energy for seed germination [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity

Salvi

Varshney²,

Majee

2022

Bioscience Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily RFOs, have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasised and analysed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.

show abstract

Section: Metabolic and Molecular Fluctuations During Seed Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity

Salvi

Varshney²,

Majee

2022

Bioscience Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is potentially involved in glycogen synthesis by inhibiting the activation of GSK3β, which is associated with increased insulin sensitivity [44]. Raffinose also demonstrated induced lipid oxidation with a simultaneous reduction in the lipid synthesis [45]. Increased sensitivity of insulin and lipid metabolism effects could be the effects of dysregulation of raffinose in the galactose metabolism.…”

Section: Galactose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacometabolomic Approach in Early-Phase Clinical Trials: A Way Forward for Targeted Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmacometabolomics in early phase clinical trials demonstrate the metabolic profiles of a subject responding to a drug treatment in a controlled environment, whereas pharmacokinetics measure the drug plasma concentration in human circulation. Application of the personalized peak plasma concentration from pharmacokinetics in pharmacometabolomic studies provides insights into drugs’ pharmacological effects through dysregulation of metabolic pathways or pharmacodynamic biomarkers. This proof-of-concept study integrates personalized pharmacokinetic and pharmacometabolomic approaches to determine the predictive pharmacodynamic response of human metabolic pathways for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we use metformin as a model drug. Metformin is a first-line glucose-lowering agent; however, the variation of metabolites that potentially affect the efficacy and safety profile remains inconclusive. Seventeen healthy subjects were given a single dose of 1000 mg of metformin under fasting conditions. Fifteen sampling time-points were collected and analyzed using the validated bioanalytical LCMS method for metformin quantification in plasma. The individualized peak-concentration plasma samples determined from the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated using Matlab Simbiology were further analyzed with pre-dose plasma samples using an untargeted metabolomic approach. Pharmacometabolomic data processing and statistical analysis were performed using MetaboAnalyst with a functional meta-analysis peaks-to-pathway approach to identify dysregulated human metabolic pathways. The validated metformin calibration ranged from 80.4 to 2010 ng/mL for accuracy, precision, stability and others. The median and IQR for Cmax was 1248 (849–1391) ng/mL; AUC0-infinity was 9510 (7314–10,411) ng·h/mL, and Tmax was 2.5 (2.5–3.0) h. The individualized Cmax pharmacokinetics guided the untargeted pharmacometabolomics of metformin, suggesting a series of provisional predictive human metabolic pathways, which include arginine and proline metabolism, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, glutathione metabolism and others that are associated with metformin’s pharmacological effects of increasing insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacometabolomic approaches in early-phase clinical trials may pave a pathway for developing targeted therapy. This could further reduce variability in a controlled trial environment and aid in identifying surrogates for drug response pathways, increasing the prediction of responders for dose selection in phase II clinical trials.

show abstract