Radon variations and microearthquakes in Western Syria

Al-Hilal, Mohamed; Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawcheh, Ryad

doi:10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00248-0

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These recorded anomalies were correlated with an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Uttarakashi area in October 1991. Al-Hilal et al (1998) recorded groundwater radon data for two years, during 1993 and 1994 at monthly intervals, from two selected monitoring sites of the northern extension of the Dead Sea Fault System. The results showed that measured radon concentrations fluctuate around the mean value, showing some variations with peak values, about two or three times the mean value, preceding some seismic events.…”

Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capillary probes inserted into the soil at one meter depth, allowed to reduce influence from the meteorological parameters that were measured too. Several studies conducted in tectonic areas evidenced relation to earthquakes of magnitude bigger than 3 (Igarashi et al, 1995;Virk et al, 1994, Al-Hilal et al, 1998. The etnean area is characterized by a big number of earthquakes, up to about thousands per day before an eruptive period (Benina et al,1984;Patanè et al, 1995), but with low magnitude (< 3) and rarely they exceed magnitude 4.…”

Section: Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radon as Earthquake Precursor

Immé¹,

Morelli²

2012

Earthquake Research and Analysis - Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning

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IntroductionEarthquake predictions are based mainly on the observation of precursory phenomena. However, the physical mechanism of earthquakes and precursors is at present poorly understood, because the factors and conditions governing them are so complicated. Methods of prediction based merely on precursory phenomena are therefore purely empirical and involve many practical difficulties. A seismic precursor is a phenomenon which takes place sufficiently prior to the occurrence of an earthquake. These precursors are of various kind, such as ground deformation, changes in sea-level, in tilt and strain and in earth tidal strain, foreshocks, anomalous seismicity, change in b-value, in microsismicity, in earthquake source mechanism, hypocentral migration, crustal movements, changes in seismic wave velocities, in the geomagnetic field, in telluric currents, in resistivity, in radon content, in groundwater level, in oil flow, and so on. These phenomena provide the basis for prediction of the three main parameters of an earthquake: place and time of occurrence and magnitude of the seismic event.The most important problem with all these precursors is to distinguish signals from noise. A single precursor may not be helpful, the prediction program strategy must involve an integral approach including several precursors. Moreover, in order to evaluate precursory phenomena properly and to be able to use them confidently for predictive purposes, one has to understand the physical processes that give r i s e t o t h e m . P h y s i c a l m o d e l s o f p r e c u r s o ry phenomena are classified in two broad categories: those based on fault constitutive relations, which predict fault slip behavior but no change in properties in material surrounding the fault, and those based on bulk rock constitutive relations, which predict physical property changes in a volume surrounding the fault. Nucleation and lithospheric loading models are the most prominent of the first type and the dilatancy model is of the second type. During the past two decades efforts have been made to measure anomalous emanations of geo-gases in earthquake-prone regions of the world, in particular helium, radon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide. Among them radon has been the most preferred as earthquake precursor, because it is easily detectable. Radon is found in nature in three different isotopes: 222 Rn, member of 238 U series, with an half life of 3.8 days, 220 Rn (also called thoron), member of 232 Th series, with an half life of 54.5 s and 219 Rn, member of 235 U series, with an half life of 3.92 s. Owing to his longer half-life, the most important of them is 222 Rn, produced by 226 Ra decaying. After his production in soil or rocks, 222 Rn can leave the ground crust either by www.intechopen.com Earthquake Research and Analysis -Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning

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Section: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon as Earthquake Precursor

Immé¹,

Morelli²

2012

Earthquake Research and Analysis - Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning

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“…Steele, 1981;Fleischer, 1981;Hammond et al, 1981;King, 1986;Virk and Singh, 1993;Igarashi et al, 1995;Ohno and Wakita, 1996;Connor Ch. et al, (1996); Al-Hilal et al, 1998;Toutain and Baubron, 1999;Biagi et al, 2001;Planinić et al, 2001;Walia et al, 2003Walia et al, , 2013Zmazek et al, 2005;Hartmann and Levy, 2005;Kuo et al, 2006;Choubey et al, 2009;Ramola, 2009;Utkin and Yurkov, 2010;Yalım et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2013;Negarestani et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of spectral decomposition of 222Rn activity concentration signal series measured in Niedźwiedzia Cave to identification of mechanisms responsible for different time-period variations

Przylibski

Wyłomańska

Zimroz

et al. 2015

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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“…Radon diffusion and transport through different media is a complex process and is affected by several factors [12][13][14][15]. Even if in the last years several radon measurements were done for geophysical investigations, origin and mechanism of the radon anomalies and their relationship to geodynamical events (seismic or volcanic ones) are, however, poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity measurements in volcano-tectonic area for geodynamic process study

Morelli

Immé

Cammisa

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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In the last ten years we carried out several radioactivity investigations in the aetnean area, a peculiar site characterized by both tectonic and volcanic features. In particular, continuous measurements in-soil radon gas carried out from 2001 until 2006 in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna, while several volcanic events occurred, showed a possible correlation between radon concentration and geodynamic activity, in particular magma uprising. We report in particular on the survey performed in order to determine vertical radon concentration profiles at different depths in sites near active faults in order to extract radon diffusion coefficients for the different sites. Moreover laboratory analysis allowed determining radionuclide contents (via γ-spectroscopy) and radon exhalation rate (via Can-technique) for different rock samples from the monitored sites. This study represents a contribution to better define the radon transport process through fractured media, in particular in volcanic area. *

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Radon variations and microearthquakes in Western Syria

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Radon as Earthquake Precursor

Radon as Earthquake Precursor

Application of spectral decomposition of 222Rn activity concentration signal series measured in Niedźwiedzia Cave to identification of mechanisms responsible for different time-period variations

Radioactivity measurements in volcano-tectonic area for geodynamic process study

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