Radius‐based multipath courier node routing protocol for acoustic communications

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) have attracted huge attention due to their significance in oceanic observation and exploration. They offer a vast number of applications, many of which require routing the sensed data to a centralized location. This makes routing an important part of the design of such applications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of recently proposed routing protocols for UWSNs. We evaluate the proposed schemes through an extensive set of parameters that define the core characteristics of a routing protocol. Moreover, we present a summary of the methods used by each scheme to familiarize readers with the basic operations of the schemes. We also present our view of the strengths and weakness of each scheme. For ease of description, the addressed routing protocols are divided into two categories: localization-based, and localization-free routing schemes. Each of the two categories is further divided into the protocols that consider node mobility, and those that do not. Lastly, we present our view on open research topics.

Section: Routing Protocols For Uwsnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Routing Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Islam

Lee

2019

“…The authors in [1,2,4,18,19] discuss the geographic or localization-based routing. The work in [1,2] review the works in which the concept of localization-based routing is used.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenges which are discussed in these works are high interference, limited batteries of sensor nodes, low bandwidth and malicious attacks. The work in [18] achieves the higher PDR by finding the locations of alive nodes. Afterward, the data packets are sent to these alive nodes, accordingly.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and Opportunistic Recovery with Depth and Power Transmission Adjustment for Energy-Efficiency and Void Hole Alleviation in UWSNs

Mateen

Awais

Javaid

et al. 2019

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are promising and emerging frameworks having a wide range of applications. The underwater sensor deployment is beneficial; however, some factors limit the performance of the network, i.e., less reliability, high end-to-end delay and maximum energy dissipation. The provisioning of the aforementioned factors has become a challenging task for the research community. In UWSNs, battery consumption is inevitable and has a direct impact on the performance of the network. Most of the time energy dissipates due to the creation of void holes and imbalanced network deployment. In this work, two routing protocols are proposed to avoid the void hole and extra energy dissipation problems which, due to which lifespan of the network increases. To show the efficacy of the proposed routing schemes, they are compared with the state of the art protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the counterparts.

“…Network model: In proposed schemes, we assume a multi-sink network architecture [ 30 , 31 ]. The network architecture is housed with numerous sensor nodes (anchored and normal nodes), as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Proposed Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Void Holes and Collisions with Reliable and Interference-Aware Routing in Underwater WSNs

Javaid

Majid

Sher

et al. 2018

Sparse node deployment and dynamic network topology in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) result in void hole problem. In this paper, we present two interference-aware routing protocols for UWSNs (Intar: interference-aware routing; and Re-Intar: reliable and interference-aware routing). In proposed protocols, we use sender based approach to avoid the void hole. The beauty of the proposed schemes is that they not only avoid void hole but also reduce the probability of collision. The proposed Re-Intar also uses one-hop backward transmission at the source node to further improve the packet delivery ratio of the network. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.