Radium in humans: A review of U.S. studies

Rowland, Robert C.

doi:10.2172/751062

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…All were very satisfied by the improvements achieved following the LDIR therapies that they received. The radon concentrations employed in the 40-minute inhalation treatments were in the range from 0.2 to 6 MBq/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1910, the Standard Chemical Company began to extract radium for commercial applications, including treatments of many diseases through internal or external exposures. 3 Physicians treated hundreds of patients, orally and intravenously, with 10 mg amounts of radium every week, with total doses ranging between 100 and 300 mg. The best known form available to the public in the 1920s was a solution, sold over the counter or by mail ( Figure 4).…”

Section: Early Medical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His report focuses on health effects of radium on the dial painters. 3 More recently, Sanders’ radiation hormesis books compile and discuss the enormous amount of medical evidence of many low-dose radiation therapies. 4,5 This article describes the author’s presentation on low-dose medical therapies at the 2019 Polish Radiation Research Society Symposium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Cuttler¹

2020

Dose-Response

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The discovery of X-rays and radioactivity in 1895/1896 triggered a flood of studies and applications of radiation in medicine that continues to this day. They started with imaging fractures/organs and progressed to treating diseases by exposing areas to radiation from external and internal sources. By definition, low-dose treatments stimulate damage control (or adaptive protection) systems that remedy diseases. Publications are identified on low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) therapies for different cancers, infections, inflammations, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The high rate of endogenous DNA damage, due to leakage of oxygen from aerobic metabolism, and the damage control systems that deal with this are discussed. Their stimulation and inhibition by radiation are described. The radium dial painter studies revealed the radium ingestion threshold for malignancy and the dose threshold for bone sarcoma. The radiation scare that misled the medical profession and the public is a barrier to LDIR therapies. Many studies on nasal radium irradiation demonstrated that children are not unduly radiation sensitive. Omissions in the medical textbooks misinform physicians about the effects of LDIR therapy, which blocks clinical trials to determine optimal doses, efficacy, and thresholds for onset of harm. Information from many recent case reports on LDIR therapies, including successes with radon therapy, is provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Medical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Cuttler¹

2020

Dose-Response

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“…The origin of these models was the experience of the dial‐painters, a group of young women exposed to radium in luminous paint during the 1920s. Many of these individuals were later traced, and their whole body radium content was measured 30–60 years later in studies conducted at the U.S. Argonne National Laboratory (28) . The Argonne data are useful for this study because they gives information on the slope of the terminal exponential representing bone remodeling in postmenopausal women (21) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Model for the Interpretation of BMD Scans in Patients Stopping Strontium Ranelate Treatment

Blake

Fogelman

2006

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Strontium ranelate is a new treatment for osteoporosis that results in large increases in BMD, much of which is an artefact caused by high bone strontium content. We used clinical trial data and a model of long-term strontium kinetics to estimate the effect of past strontium treatment on future BMD measurements. Introduction:The oral administration of strontium ranelate causes a clinically significant overestimation of BMD because of the high attenuation of X-rays by strontium atoms in bone. As more patients are treated with strontium ranelate, questions will arise about the correct interpretation of their future BMD measurements. We performed a theoretical study to calculate the long-term effect of strontium treatment on BMD and establish the duration of past treatment for which the remaining bone strontium content (BSC) has a negligible effect on BMD. Materials and Methods: The BMD changes measured at the spine and hip during strontium ranelate treatment were interpolated from clinical trial data. The long-term retention of strontium in bone was estimated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) strontium retention function modified for use in postmenopausal women. Estimates of the strontium BMD artefact after treatment has stopped were performed on the assumption that the BSC effect accounts for 75% of the total measured BMD change at 3 years. Results: If 75% of the BMD changes are explained by BSC, in the average patient, 3-year treatment leads to a spine BMD artefact of 11.2%, decreasing to 3.8% 10 years after stopping treatment. The BMD artefacts at the total hip and femoral neck sites are smaller by factors of 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. If pre-and posttherapy BMD measurements are available, these predictions can be tailored to the individual patient. On average, 6-month treatment is required for the spine BMD artefact to exceed 3%, the figure adopted as the maximum BMD change caused by bone strontium that has a negligible effect on scan interpretation. Ten years after stopping treatment, 28 months of treatment are required for the residual BMD artefact to still exceed the 3% threshold. Conclusions: Strontium ranelate treatment lasting for >6 months can affect BMD measurements for many years afterward.

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“…Maximum tolerated adsorbed doses of 2 Gy (red marrow), 23 Gy (kidneys) and 10 Gy (bone surfaces) were used to determine the dose-limiting organ (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Retrieval Of Activity Values and Time Activity Curves (Tacs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Safety and Dosimetry of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-ZOL for Therapy of Bone Metastases

Fernández

Eppard²,

Lehnert

et al. 2021

J Nucl Med

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Radium in humans: A review of U.S. studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Theoretical Model for the Interpretation of BMD Scans in Patients Stopping Strontium Ranelate Treatment

Evaluation of Safety and Dosimetry of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-ZOL for Therapy of Bone Metastases

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Radium in humans: A review of U.S. studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Theoretical Model for the Interpretation of BMD Scans in Patients Stopping Strontium Ranelate Treatment

Evaluation of Safety and Dosimetry of 177Lu-DOTA-ZOL for Therapy of Bone Metastases

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Evaluation of Safety and Dosimetry of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-ZOL for Therapy of Bone Metastases