Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases from Thyroid Cancer: An Institutional and National Retrospective Cohort Study

Blomain, Erik; Berta, Scott C.; Hug, Nicholas F; Meola, Antonio; Binkley, Michael S.; Hui, Caressa; Churilla, Thomas M.; Shahsavari, Nastaran; Desai, Kaniksha; Chang, Steven D.; Soltys, Scott G.; Pollom, Erqi L.

doi:10.1089/thy.2021.0628

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Surgical resection has been favored for treatment of BM either combined with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole-brain radio therapy (WBRT) resulting in preservation of quality of life and prolonged survival [12,[15][16][17][18][19]. Nevertheless, the presence of intracranial metastases from TC has been considered to be associated with poorer outcome and a lower survival rate [20][21][22]. Management of TC with BM is challenging because of limited experience and many questions remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcome

Esmaeilzadeh,

Atallah,

Müller

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer are rare. Although the prognosis of thyroid cancer patients is generally favorable, the prognosis of patients with intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer has been considered unfavorable having a lower survival rate than those without intracranial involvement. Many questions about their management remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with brain metastases from thyroid cancer. Among 4320 patients with thyroid cancer recorded in our institutional database over a 30-year period, 20 patients with brain metastasis were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical characteristics, histological type of primary cancer and metastatic brain tumor, additional previous distant metastasis, treatment modalities, locations and characteristics on radiologic findings, time interval between the first diagnosis of the primary thyroid cancer and brain metastasis, and survival were analyzed. The mean age at initial diagnosis was 59.3 ± 14.1 years, and at the manifestation of diagnosis of cerebral metastasis 64.8 ± 14.9 years. The histological types of the primary thyroid cancers were papillary in ten patients, follicular in seven, and poorly differentiated carcinoma in three. The average interval between the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and brain metastasis was 63.4 ± 58.4 months (range, 0-180 months). Ten patients had a single intracranial lesion and 10 patients had multiple lesions. Surgical resection was primarily performed in 15 patients and whole-brain radiotherapy, radiotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors were applied in the other 5 patients. Overall median survival time was 15 months after diagnosis of BM from TC (range: 1-252 months). Patients with thyroid cancer can develop brain metastasis even many years after diagnosis of the primary tumor. Our study demonstrates an increased overall survival of patients younger than 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis of brain metastasis. There was no difference in survival between patients with brain metastasis from papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcome

Esmaeilzadeh,

Atallah,

Müller

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Additionally, the BM from urinary system together represents about 12%, and the BM rate for esophagus cancer surpassed only by lung cancer according to reported data [ 2 ]. More infrequent primary BM types include hepatocellular and thyroid carcinomas, accounting for 0.2–2.2% and 1–2%, respectively [ 3 , 4 ]. An analysis conducted by Brigham and Women’s Hospital, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database from the USA, revealed median survival times for BM sourced from lung, breast and melanoma cancers to be between 4.0 and 6.0, 10.0 and 6.0 months, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor–brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities

Zhou,

Gong,

et al. 2023

J Hematol Oncol

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Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a median survival timeframe nearing six months. Existing therapeutic regimens yield suboptimal outcomes; however, burgeoning insights into the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immunosuppressive milieu engendered by tumor–brain interplay, posit immunotherapy as a promising avenue for ameliorating brain metastases. In this review, we meticulously delineate the research advancements concerning the microenvironment of brain metastases, striving to elucidate the panorama of their onset and evolution. We encapsulate three emergent immunotherapeutic strategies, namely immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell transplantation and glial cell-targeted immunoenhancement. We underscore the imperative of aligning immunotherapy development with in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment and engendering innovative delivery platforms. Moreover, the integration with established or avant-garde physical methodologies and localized applications warrants consideration in the prevailing therapeutic schema.

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Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcomes

Esmaeilzadeh,

Atallah,

Müller

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer are rare. Although the prognosis of thyroid cancer patients is generally favorable, the prognosis of patients with intracranial metastases from thyroid cancer has been considered unfavorable owing to lower survival rates among such patients compared to those without intracranial involvement. Many questions about their management remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze the characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with brain metastases from thyroid cancer. Among 4320 patients with thyroid cancer recorded in our institutional database over a 30-year period, the data of 20 patients with brain metastasis were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical characteristics, histological type of primary cancer and metastatic brain tumor, additional previous distant metastasis, treatment modalities, locations and characteristics on radiologic findings, time interval between the first diagnosis of primary thyroid cancer and brain metastasis, and survival were analyzed. Among our patient cohort, the mean age at initial diagnosis was 59.3 ± 14.1 years, and at the manifestation of diagnosis of cerebral metastasis, the mean age was found to be 64.8 ± 14.9 years. The histological types of primary thyroid cancer were identified as papillary in ten patients, follicular in seven, and poorly differentiated carcinoma in three. The average interval between the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and brain metastasis was 63.4 ± 58.4 months (range: 0–180 months). Ten patients were identified as having a single intracranial lesion, and ten patients were found to have multiple lesions. Surgical resection was primarily performed in fifteen patients, and whole-brain radiotherapy, radiotherapy, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors were applied in the remaining five patients. The overall median survival time was 15 months after the diagnosis of BMs from TC (range: 1–252 months). Patients with thyroid cancer can develop brain metastasis even many years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. The results of our study demonstrate increased overall survival in patients younger than 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis of brain metastasis. There was no difference in survival between patients with brain metastasis from papillary carcinoma and those with follicular thyroid carcinoma.

show abstract

Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases from Thyroid Cancer: An Institutional and National Retrospective Cohort Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcome

Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcome

Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor–brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities

Brain Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcomes

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