Radiotherapy: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances

Mehta, SR; Suhag, Virender; Semwal, Manoj Kumar; Sharma, Nidhi

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80132-7

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Differences in RIBEs have been observed between x-ray, gamma-ray irradiation, and hadrontherapy with carbon ions. Although the RBE is 2-3 times higher for carbon ions versus x-rays, the RIBEs are similar in magnitude [86,87].…”

Section: Contribution Of Bystander Effects To Normal Tissue Tolerancementioning

confidence: 90%

Hadrontherapy Interactions in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Thariat

Valable

Laurent

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy is a major issue in the curative treatment of cancer patients. This resistance can be intrinsic or acquired after irradiation and has various definitions, depending on the endpoint that is chosen in assessing the response to radiation. This phenomenon might be strengthened by the radiosensitivity of surrounding healthy tissues. Sensitive organs near the tumor that is to be treated can be affected by direct irradiation or experience nontargeted reactions, leading to early or late effects that disrupt the quality of life of patients. For several decades, new modalities of irradiation that involve accelerated particles have been available, such as proton therapy and carbon therapy, raising the possibility of specifically targeting the tumor volume. The goal of this review is to examine the up-to-date radiobiological and clinical aspects of hadrontherapy, a discipline that is maturing, with promising applications. We first describe the physical and biological advantages of particles and their application in cancer treatment. The contribution of the microenvironment and surrounding healthy tissues to tumor radioresistance is then discussed, in relation to imaging and accurate visualization of potentially resistant hypoxic areas using dedicated markers, to identify patients and tumors that could benefit from hadrontherapy over conventional irradiation. Finally, we consider combined treatment strategies to improve the particle therapy of radioresistant cancers.

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Section: Contribution Of Bystander Effects To Normal Tissue Tolerancementioning

confidence: 90%

Hadrontherapy Interactions in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Thariat

Valable

Laurent

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…The X-rays used for treatment are at energies typically between 4 and 20 MeV, in contrast to the X-rays used for diagnosis, typically at keV energies [146]. Radiotherapy is delivered in 'fractions' (treatment sessions over a number of days) to reduce the unwanted effects of large doses of radiation on normal tissue [147,148]. The main mechanism behind radiation therapy is believed to be radiation-induced damage to the DNA of the tumor cells, with subsequent cell death occurring after a series of cell cycles.…”

Section: Lpas In Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main mechanism behind radiation therapy is believed to be radiation-induced damage to the DNA of the tumor cells, with subsequent cell death occurring after a series of cell cycles. DNA damage occurs directly through ionization or indirectly through generation free radicals [148]. The most reactive and therefore potentially dangerous, oxygen radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•) [149].…”

Section: Lpas In Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Near Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Human Respiration: A Review

et al. 2020

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In this review, applications of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy are presented as an opportunity to evaluate human respiration because the measurement of breath is fast, intact and simple to implement. Recently, analytical methods for measuring biomarkers in exhaled air have been extensively developed. With laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy, volatile organic compounds can be identified with high sensitivity, at a high rate, and with very good selectivity. The literature review has shown the applicability of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy to one of the problems of the real world, i.e., human health. In addition, the review will consider and explore different breath sampling methods for human respiration analysis.

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“…Radiation therapy (RT) is a clinical treatment focused on the use of ionizing radiation, which has the goal of destroying different forms of neoplasia [58] and skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma [59].…”

Section: Immunotherapy and Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Pellegrini

Sileno

D'agostino

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Cancer treatment has made significant progress in the cure of different types of tumors. Nevertheless, its clinical use is limited by unwanted cardiotoxicity. Aside from the conventional chemotherapy approaches, even the most newly developed, i.e., molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy, exhibit a similar frequency and severity of toxicities that range from subclinical ventricular dysfunction to severe cardiomyopathy and, ultimately, congestive heart failure. Specific mechanisms leading to cardiotoxicity still remain to be elucidated. For instance, oxidative stress and DNA damage are considered key players in mediating cardiotoxicity in different treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators in cell proliferation, cell death, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Their dysregulation has been associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and toxicity. This review provides an overview of the cardiotoxicity induced by different oncologic treatments and potential miRNAs involved in this effect that could be used as possible therapeutic targets.Cancers 2020, 12, 704 2 of 24 circulating miRNAs have been used as excellent biomarkers in different studies and can be used as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [5]. Moreover, miRNA deregulation is often associated with tumor progression, and many anticancer treatments affect miRNA expression. In this review we aimed to discuss relevant miRNAs modulated by therapies for cancer that have been demonstrated to be involved in CVD. In the following paragraphs, we provide an overview of the most important anticancer treatments that are known to induce cardiotoxicity. Anticancer Treatment and CardiotoxicityAnticancer treatment has accomplished remarkable progress in the last century resulting in improved quality of life and survival rates of cancer patients. These advances in cancer treatment, however, have been often accompanied by therapy-related complications, including secondary side effects on the whole organism [6].The most commonly used cancer therapeutics in modern medicine include the traditional surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy approaches; moreover, two new therapeutic modalities have been introduced in recent decades, namely molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy [7], as summarized in Figure 1. Traditional chemotherapy agents consist of non-specific cytotoxic treatments (e.g., alkylating agents and antimetabolites) that rapidly eliminate replicating cells, including not only tumor cells but also normal tissue cells, with a broad range of side effects that significantly limit their applications in cancer therapy. In contrast to conventional systemic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted cancer therapies, using novel drugs aimed at the inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways fundamental for cancer proliferation or differentiation (e.g., monoclonal antibodies and low molecular weight protein-kinase inhibitors), are thought to be cancer-specific, with fewer associated adverse effects on normal cells [8]. Lastly, immunother...

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Radiotherapy: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Hadrontherapy Interactions in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Hadrontherapy Interactions in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Applications of Near Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Human Respiration: A Review

MicroRNAs in Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity

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