Radiosensitization of tumor cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by PEGylated nanogel containing gold nanoparticles

Abstract

High atomic number molecules, such as gold and platinum, are known to enhance the biological effect of X-irradiation. This study was aimed to determine the radiosensitizing potential of PEGylated nanogel containing gold nanoparticles (GNG) and the cellular mechanism involved. GNG pretreatment increased the levels of reproductive cell death and apoptosis induced by X-irradiation. GNG accumulated in cytoplasm and increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein. GNG suppressed the repair capacity of DNA after X-irradiation by down-regulating DNA repair-related proteins. Our results suggest that GNG radiosensitized cells by enhancing apoptosis and impairing DNA repair capacity via ER stress induction.

RGD-conjugated mesoporous silica-encapsulated gold nanorods enhance the sensitization of triple-negative breast cancer to megavoltage radiation therapy

“…[7][8][9] Nanoparticles can be retained in tumors through two independent mechanisms: passive targeting and active targeting. Passive targeting is based on the preferential accumulation of nanoparticles within tumor tissue by permeating the leaky angiogenic endothelium (enhanced permeability and retention effect), but specific tumor targeting is not possible.…”

“…[3][4][5][6] Numerous studies have shown that GNPs can be used as effective radiosensitizers by enhancing the efficacy of physical radiation (RT) on tumor cells. [7][8][9] In published studies, kilovolt radiosensitization has been attributed to increased photon absorption in high-Z materials compared with soft tissue. Photoelectric absorption is more prominent at kilovolt energies than at megavolt energies, at which the Compton effects are dominant.…”

Thermosensitive Hydrogel Co-loaded with Gold Nanoparticles and Doxorubicin for Effective Chemoradiotherapy

“…This study, however, gave more details on the relationship of sensitization activity not only with AuNP concentrations but also with the X-ray doses, offering more information in understanding the radiosensitization mechanism. Cell surviving curve was used to describe the relationship between the radiation dose and the proportion of cells that survive (40,41). Radiosensitization activity by AuNPs and the combination effects with DOX were confirmed by comparing the surviving curves in Fig.…”

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Biotechnologically Important Active and Inactive Form of the Ascomycetes - Pichia membranifaciens and Debaryomyces hansenii

“…Synthesis of nanoparticles of noble metals is of enormous importance due to their biomedical, pharmaceutical, optical, electronic and chemical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Microbial interactions with metals have been explored for biotechnological application such as ore leaching and metal recovery [10][11][12].…”