Radioprotective Agents and Enhancers Factors. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Induced Radiotherapy Damages in Hematological Malignancies

Allegra, Andrea Gaetano; Mannino, Federica; Innao, Vanessa; Musolino, Caterina; Allegra, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/antiox9111116

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…These activations are responsible for radioresistance in cancer ( 85 ). The inhibition of oxidative stress appears to be the main mechanism, established by the intracellular antioxidant system, responsible for tumor radioresistance ( 121 ). As presented in Table II , increasing evidence has demonstrated that antioxidant system inhibitors promote radiation sensitization.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Acts As a Mediator Of Radiosensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress and their potential applications in radiotherapy (Review)

Bian

Liu

et al. 2022

Int J Mol Med

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Radiotherapy is an essential and effective treatment modality for cancer. Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ionizing radiation disrupt the redox homeostasis and lead to oxidative stress that may result in cell death. However, the tumor cell microenvironment is dynamic and responds to radiotherapy by activating numerous cellular signaling pathways. By scavenging excess ROS, the activity levels of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes result in radioresistance and worsen the clinical outcomes. To assess the full potential of radiotherapy, it is essential to explore the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in radiotherapy for potential target identification. The present review article summarized recent data demonstrating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a powerful transcription factor and one of the major cellular defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in response to radiotherapy; the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems complement each other and are effective antioxidant mechanisms associated with the protection of cancer cells from radiation damage. In addition, it is suggested that dual targeting to inhibit GSH and Trx enzymes may be a potential strategy for the development of radiosensitive and radioprotective drugs.

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Section: Oxidative Stress Acts As a Mediator Of Radiosensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress and their potential applications in radiotherapy (Review)

Bian

Liu

et al. 2022

Int J Mol Med

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“…IR countermeasures protect organisms against the harmful effects of IR and reduce tissue damage ( 11 ). Based on the time of administration relative to IR exposure, countermeasures against radiation injury are classified as radioprotectors, radiation mitigators or therapeutics ( 12 – 15 ).…”

Section: Strategies To Reduce Radiation Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective countermeasures for radiation injury (Review)

Liu

Liang

et al. 2023

Mol Med Rep

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A series of physiological and pathological changes occur after radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). These changes cause serious damage to human tissues and can lead to death. Radioprotective countermeasures are radioprotective agents that prevent and reduce IR injury or have therapeutic effects. Based on a good understanding of radiobiology, a number of protective agents have achieved positive results in early clinical trials. The present review grouped known radioprotective agents according to biochemical categories and potential clinical use, and reviewed radiation countermeasures, i.e., radioprotectors, radiation mitigators and radiotherapeutic agents, with an emphasis on their current status and research progress. The aim of the present review is to facilitate the selection and application of suitable radioprotectors for clinicians and researchers, to prevent or reduce IR injury.

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“…IR can directly hit DNA or indirectly by increasing the generation of free radicals, i.e., oxidative stress ( Leroi et al, 2016 ; De Ruysscher et al, 2019 ; Allegra et al, 2020 ). The cytotoxic effects of IR on normal cells are essentially due to the radiolysis of cellular water, leading to instant ionization of water molecules, producing free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •- ), hydroxyl radical (OH • ), and nitric oxide (NO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective potential of whey protein against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage

Hassan,

Abdeen,

Abdelrahman

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Introduction: Ionizing radiation (IR) is effectively used in the treatment of oral malignancies; however, it might also significantly harm the surrounding tissues. Whey protein isolate (WP) is a protein derived from milk that exhibits a wide range of bioactivities. Therefore, the present research aimed to delineate the mitigating impact of WP against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage.Methods: Rats were randomized into 5 groups: Control (saline, orally, 14 days), WP (WP; 0.5 g/kg b. w., orally, 14 days), IR (saline, orally, 14 days, exposed to 6 and 3 Gy on days 4 and 6, respectively), WP+IR (WP was given orally for 14 days before and after IR exposure; exposed to 6 and 3 Gy on days 4 and 6, respectively), and IR+WP (WP, orally, started 24 h after 1st IR exposure till the end of the experiment) groups. Samples were collected at two-time intervals (on the 7th and 14th days).Results and Discussion: Oxidative stress was stimulated upon IR exposure in tongue, indicated by boosted malondialdehyde (MDA) level, along with a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Additionally, IR exposure depicted an increase of serum IgE, inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, along with overexpression mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa-B transcription factor/p65 (NF-κB/p65), and down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) mRNA levels in tongue tissue. Moreover, IR triggered alterations in lingual histological architecture. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of WP mitigated oxidative damage, inflammation, and desquamation that were brought on following IR exposure. The protective administration of WP markedly decreases IR-induced lingual harm compared to the mitigation protocol. Our findings recommend WP supplements to the diets of cancer patients undergoing IR that might aid radioprotective effects.

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Radioprotective Agents and Enhancers Factors. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Induced Radiotherapy Damages in Hematological Malignancies

Cited by 10 publications

References 160 publications

Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress and their potential applications in radiotherapy (Review)

Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress and their potential applications in radiotherapy (Review)

Radioprotective countermeasures for radiation injury (Review)

Radioprotective potential of whey protein against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage

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