Radioprotection by WR-2721 of gamma-irradiated rat parotid gland: Effect on gland weight and secretion at 8–10 days post irradiation

Menard, Thomas W.; Izutsu, Kenneth T.; Ensign, Wayne; Keller, Patricia J.; Morton, Thomas Hellman; Truelove, Edmond L.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(84)90502-9

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Other studies have indicated glandular weight gain and reduction of p.o. complications as a sign of radioprotection (22). Morphologic signs reported as an indicator of salivary gland protection using pilocarpin were also rare and unspecific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim was to evaluate the potential synergic effect of substances with direct influence on the stabilization of cell membrane and structures like amifostine or lidocaine (8,9,22,25,26) with the widely examined muscarinic alkaloid pilocarpin, which induces depletion of secretory granules in acinar cells, a process that was considered radioprotective in previous studies (7,11,12,20). To provide comparable data, we used a single-dose irradiation of 15 Gy, the radiation modality used by the majority of experimental studies regarding radiation-induced impairment and protection of salivary glands (7,11,15,20,21,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer Res 2005; 65: (22 semiquantitative analysis of the ultrastructural changes described above. The results are summarized in Table 2 and confirm the different degrees of ultrastructural damage characteristics for each experimental group.…”

Section: Cancer Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study on the Protection Profile of Lidocaine, Amifostine, and Pilocarpin on the Parotid Gland during Radiotherapy

Hakim

Kosmehl²,

Lauer³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and the synergetic radioprotective effect of lidocaine, amifostine, and pilocarpin on the parotid gland. Forty-nine rabbits were randomized into seven groups (n = 7)-control, irradiated sham-treated, irradiated/lidocaine-pretreated, irradiated/ amifostine-pretreated, irradiated/pilocarpin-pretreated, irradiated/lidocaine + pilocarpin-pretreated, and irradiated/ amifostine + pilocarpin-pretreated groups. One week before irradiation (15 Gy) and 72 hours as well as 1 month afterward, the parotid gland was investigated morphologically, sialoscintigraphically, and immunohistochemically with the use of tenascin-C and A smooth muscle actin. Compared with control animals, there was a significant reduction of the salivary ejection fraction in the irradiated untreated group 72 hours following radiation. Only animals pretreated with lidocaine or amifostine (alone or combined with pilocarpin) showed a slight nonsignificant reduction of salivary ejection fraction. Immunohistochemically, we observed a significant loss of A smooth muscle actin and an up-regulation of tenascin-C expression in irradiated/untreated glands. These changes were less evident in animals pretreated with lidocaine or lidocaine + pilocarpin. Amifostine and pilocarpin did not show any influence on tenascin-C or A smooth muscle actin expression. Ultrastructural damage was observed in irradiated untreated and pilocarpin-pretreated glands. In contrast, lidocaine and amifostine could largely preserve the glandular ultrastructure. One month postradiation, all changes were regressive regardless of treatment protocol. Potential radioprotective agents show different effects on both morphology and function of the parotid gland. Associated immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings could prove the prevailed protection profile of lidocaine. This may provide a prophylactic approach in the field of radioprotection of salivary glands. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(22): 10486-93)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study on the Protection Profile of Lidocaine, Amifostine, and Pilocarpin on the Parotid Gland during Radiotherapy

Hakim

Kosmehl²,

Lauer³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

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“…Comparisons of the relative effectiveness of Tempol with Amifostine as a salivary gland radioprotectant are difficult because rat models were used in previous studies (9,10,35). For the present purpose, we determined the relative protective factor of Tempol, the ratio of the percentage reduction for nonprotected/protected animals, using total saliva output (data not shown) as the parameter examined (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present purpose, we determined the relative protective factor of Tempol, the ratio of the percentage reduction for nonprotected/protected animals, using total saliva output (data not shown) as the parameter examined (10). Menard et al (10) exposed rats with and without Amifostine to 15.3 Gy of wholehead irradiation and collected parotid saliva at 8 -10 days posttreatment. The relative protective factor for Amifostine using total volume parotid saliva collected was 2.1 (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stable Nitroxide Tempol Facilitates Salivary Gland Protection during Head and Neck Irradiation in a Mouse Model

Vitolo

Cotrim

Sowers

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat a majority of patients with head and neck cancers. The longterm radiation-induced reduction of saliva output significantly contributes to the posttreatment morbidity experienced by these patients. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the stable-free radical Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), an established radioprotector, to prevent radiation-induced salivary hypofunction in mice.Experimental Design: The heads of C3H mice were exposed to a range of single radiation doses with or without an i.p. injection of 275 mg/kg Tempol 10 min before treatment. Salivary gland output was assessed 8 weeks postirradiation.Results: Radiation caused a dose-dependent reduction in salivary flow in this model. Tempol treatment alone significantly reduced radiation-induced salivary hypofunction. The combination of Tempol with mouth/nose shielding showed essentially complete radiation protection at 15 Gy and ϳ75% protection at 17.5 Gy.Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that significant radioprotection of the salivary glands is possible with Tempol in C3H mice.

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Amifostine for salivary glands in high-dose radioactive iodine treated differentiated thyroid cancer

Ma¹,

Xie²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Radioprotection by WR-2721 of gamma-irradiated rat parotid gland: Effect on gland weight and secretion at 8–10 days post irradiation

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

A Comparative Study on the Protection Profile of Lidocaine, Amifostine, and Pilocarpin on the Parotid Gland during Radiotherapy

A Comparative Study on the Protection Profile of Lidocaine, Amifostine, and Pilocarpin on the Parotid Gland during Radiotherapy

The Stable Nitroxide Tempol Facilitates Salivary Gland Protection during Head and Neck Irradiation in a Mouse Model

Amifostine for salivary glands in high-dose radioactive iodine treated differentiated thyroid cancer

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