Radiopacity of Current Endovascular Stents: Evaluation in a Multiple Reader Phantom Study

Comparison of visibility for four self-expanding nitinol bare stents in vitro

“…Wiskirchen et al (10) found much larger ODR differences in their stent evaluation. This is due to the more heterogeneous stent group composition, different stent lengths (21 -44 mm), and different stent materials (stainless steel stents and nitinol stents).…”

“…The SMART stent achieved a subjective visibility value of 2.15 points, and ODR was from 90 -100% in fluoroscopy mode. In comparison, the SRS of the Covent stent was 3.25, and the objective detection rate was 99.375 -100% (in fluoroscopy modes) (10).…”

“…Our study aimed to quantify radiopacity for those stents by evaluating objective detection and subjective stent visibility with variable magnification modes, pulsing frequencies, and stent positions. In previous studies using different stents, increased pulsing frequency was shown to improve stent detection and visibility (10). Aufrichtig et al…”

Development of a new niobium-based alloy for vascular stent applications

“…The attenuation of x-rays by the stent material allows the device to be imaged, with sufficient accuracy to ensure proper placement and deployment against the vessel wall. A number of approaches have been used to more finely tune radiopacity, such as coatings (Reifart et al, 2004) or marker bands made from dense noble metals (Wiskirchen et al, 2004). These have had varying degrees of success but overall, the use of stainless 1751-6161/$ -see front matter c 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

New Method for Evaluating the Visibility of Coronary Stents

“…Because of this, assessment tests for classifying the visibility are carried out in numerous ways, but both stent producers and endusers use nowadays generally a subjective classification such as "good", "very good", "excellent", "average", "poor", "low", "high", etc. [9,10]. An often used method is to characterize X-ray images by their average greyscale level on a 256 level scale.…”