Radionuclide Ratios in Precipitation on the Territory of Belarus After the Chernobyl Accident: Calculation from Gamma-Spectrometric Measurements on Soil in May–July 1986

Khrushchinskii, A. A.; Kuten, S. A.; Minenko, Victor; Zhukova, O.M.; Podgaiskaya, A. A.; Germenchuk, M.G.; Kukhta, Tatiana; Vakulovskii, S. M.; Drozdovitch, Vladimir

doi:10.1007/s10512-014-9902-4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To estimate doses to the fetus, this model was adapted considering the data provided in ICPR Publication 116 (ICRP 2010). Information on the radionuclides deposited (Drozdovitch et al 2013b, Khrushchinskii et al 2014 in the area(s) of residence served as the basis for calculation of doses from external irradiation.…”

Section: Thyroid Doses Due To External Irradiation and Ingestion Of Cesium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Dose Estimates for a Cohort of Belarusian Persons Exposed in Utero and During Early Life to Chernobyl Fallout

et al. 2019

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Thyroid radiation doses were estimated for a cohort of 2,965 Belarusian persons who were exposed in utero and during early life to fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.Prenatal and postnatal doses to the thyroid due to intake of iodine-131 ( 131 I), external irradiation from radionuclides deposited on the ground and ingestion of cesium isotopes ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) were calculated for all cohort members. Dose estimation was based on personal interviews with subjects' mothers which collected data on subjects' residential history, consumption by mothers during time of pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as consumption by subjects after birth. Direct instrumental measurement of radioactivity in mothers and the study subjects, if available, were also used for calculation of doses. Intake of 131 I by mother was found to be the predominant pathway for thyroid exposure for the study subjects. The average thyroid dose due to all exposure pathways was estimated to be 137 milli-Gray (mGy) (median dose of 25 mGy, maximal dose of 14.8 Gy), including 130 mGy (median dose of 17 mGy, maximal dose of 14.8 Gy) from 131 I intake, 4.9 mGy (median dose of 3.0 mGy, maximal dose of 102 mGy) due to external irradiation, and 2.5 mGy (median dose of 1.7 mGy, maximal dose of 47 mGy) due to ingestion of 134, 137 Cs. The dose estimates will be used to evaluate the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in this unique cohort.

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Section: Thyroid Doses Due To External Irradiation and Ingestion Of Cesium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Dose Estimates for a Cohort of Belarusian Persons Exposed in Utero and During Early Life to Chernobyl Fallout

et al. 2019

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“…While many studies have reported 134 Cs and 137 Cs concentrations in soils and vegetation across Europe [Paatero et al, 2007;Mietelski et al, 2008;Duff and Ramsey, 2008;Lehto et al, 2008;Khrushchinskii et al, 2014], to date only one study of soil samples within the Chernobyl exclusion zone has reported 135 Cs/ 137 Cs ratios [Taylor et al, 2008]. As several different anthropogenic emission source terms in Europe exist, characterization of the general 135 Cs/ 137 Cs ratio distribution across Europe could be of great value to future contamination source term analyses and environmental transport studies in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

135Cs/137Cs isotopic composition of environmental samples across Europe: Environmental transport and source term emission applications

Snow

Snyder

2016

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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(135)Cs/(137)Cs isotopic analyses represent an important tool for studying the fate and transport of radiocesium in the environment; in this work the (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotopic composition in environmental samples taken from across Europe is reported. Surface soil and vegetation samples from western Russia, Ukraine, Austria, and Hungary show consistent aged thermal fission product (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotope ratios of 0.58 ± 0.01 (age corrected to 1/1/15), with the exception of one sample of soil-moss from Hungary which shows an elevated (135)Cs/(137)Cs ratio of 1.78 ± 0.12. With the exception of the outlier sample from Hungary, surface soil/vegetation data are in quantitative agreement with values previously reported for soils within the Chernobyl exclusion zone, suggesting that radiocesium at these locations is primarily composed of homogenous airborne deposition from Chernobyl. Seawater samples taken from the Irish Sea show (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotope ratios of 1.22 ± 0.11 (age corrected to 1/1/15), suggesting aged thermal fission product Cs discharged from Sellafield. The differences in (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotope ratios between Sellafield, Chernobyl, and global nuclear weapons testing fallout indicate that (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotope ratios can be utilized to discriminate between and track radiocesium transport from different nuclear production source terms, including major emission sources in Europe.

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“…Dose estimation from external irradiation was based on the integration of the time‐dependent dose rate in air per unit deposition of the radionuclides mix in the settlements accounting for the shielding properties of the residential environment 23‐25 . Information on the radionuclides, including 132 Te, 131,132,133 I, 140 Ba, 140 La, 95 Zr, 95 Nb, 103,106 Ru, 134,137 Cs, 99 Mo, 125 Sb, 136 Cs, 141,144 Ce and 239 Np, deposited on the ground from the fallout in the areas of residence, served as a basis for calculation of doses to the breast from external irradiation 26,27 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] Information on the radionuclides, including 132 Te, 131,132,133 Mo, 125 Sb, 136 Cs, 141,144 Ce and 239 Np, deposited on the ground from the fallout in the areas of residence, served as a basis for calculation of doses to the breast from external irradiation. 26,27 Internal exposure pathway included ingestion of 134 Cs, 136 Cs and 137 Cs with locally produced milk and other foods. Radiation data included 137 Cs ground deposition density in each settlement; and (a) ratio of activity of Cs isotopes to 137 Cs ground deposition, (b) 137 Cs soil-to-cow milk transfer factor in each settlement and (c) intake function of 137 Cs with foodstuffs for adult population (in rural settlements, towns and cities) were derived from whole-body counter measurements.…”

Section: Dose Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer incidence in the regions of Belarus and Ukraine most contaminated by the Chernobyl accident: 1978 to 2016

Župunski

Yaumenenka

Ryzhov

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Even 30 years after the accident, an association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation exposure from Chernobyl fallout remains uncertain. We studied breast cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of Belarus (Gomel and Mogilev) and Ukraine (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv) before (1978‐1986) and after (1987‐2016) the accident. Breast cancer cases and female population size data were received from the national cancer registries and the state departments of statistics. The study included 85 132 breast cancers with 150 million person‐years at risk. We estimated annual rayon (district)‐average absorbed doses to the breast from external and internal irradiation of the adult female population over the period of 1986‐2016. We studied an association between rayon‐average cumulative absorbed breast dose with 5‐year lag, that is, excluding the exposure in 5 years prior to breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer incidence using negative binomial regression models. Mean (median) cumulative breast dose in 2016 was 12.3 (5.0) milligray (mGy) in Belarus and 5.7 (2.3) mGy in Ukraine, with the maximum dose of 55 mGy and 54 mGy, respectively. Breast cancer incidence rates statistically significantly increased with calendar year and attained age, and were higher in urban than in rural residents. Adjusting for time, age and urbanicity effects, we found no evidence of increasing incidence with rayon‐average 5‐year lagged cumulative breast dose. Owing to ecological study design limitations, a case‐control study covering this area with individually reconstructed absorbed breast doses is needed testing for association between low‐dose protracted radiation exposure and breast cancer risk after Chernobyl.

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Radionuclide Ratios in Precipitation on the Territory of Belarus After the Chernobyl Accident: Calculation from Gamma-Spectrometric Measurements on Soil in May–July 1986

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Thyroid Dose Estimates for a Cohort of Belarusian Persons Exposed in Utero and During Early Life to Chernobyl Fallout

Thyroid Dose Estimates for a Cohort of Belarusian Persons Exposed in Utero and During Early Life to Chernobyl Fallout

135Cs/137Cs isotopic composition of environmental samples across Europe: Environmental transport and source term emission applications

Breast cancer incidence in the regions of Belarus and Ukraine most contaminated by the Chernobyl accident: 1978 to 2016

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