Radionuclide distribution in olympic national park, Washington

Jenkins, C.E.; Wogman, N.A.; Rieck, H.G.

doi:10.1007/bf00187706

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because of the root mat, these depth increments were coarser than those of the bare soil, and often only two increments were obtained to a depth of 20 mm. These samples were ashed at 450øC prior to analysis [Jenkins et al, 1972]. At the same time, five samples (2500 cm 2 each) of the adjacent dry sclerophyll forest litter and soil were taken from an area of 500 m 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Wallbrink¹,

Murray²

1996

Water Resources Research

139

103

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Measurements of 7Be in soils can be used to indicate movement of topsoil, and this study aims to contribute to this technique by examining ?Be in soils under a range of conditions. The penetration and areal concentration of ?Be have been measured in bare soil, grassland, and eucalypt forest and compared with total measured fallout. Inventories in the bare soil decreased progressively from 64 to 46% of total fallout over the sampling period, probably owing to a decrease in infiltration capacity. This may have an effect on the interpretation of •37Cs inventories under similar conditions. For grassed soil, average inventories were 96-142% of total fallout; for eucalypt litter plus soil, inventories were 73-95%. Natural variability of areal concentration of the nuclide was calculated to be about 20% (relative standard deviation), irrespective of soil type and/or surface cover. However, soil disturbance following logging operations increased variability to about 50%, even after more than 7 half-lives of 7Be had elapsed. Penetration could be approximated by an exponential in bare soil and in eucalypt forest soil without litter, and average penetration half depths (Ph) in these soils were calculated to be 0.7 and 3.4 mm, respectively. Beryllium 7 concentration was found to increase as particle size decreased. The nuclide was not found below 20 mm depth in any soil or surface cover condition, thus confirming its utility in qualitative models that infer erosion processes by its use as a tracer of surface soil. • Introduction The continuous fallout of ?Be makes it a useful tracer of sediment movement from the uppermost layers of soils [Murray et al., 1992]. Beryllium 7 is a cosmogenic radionuclide (half-life, 53 days) produced by spallation of oxygen and nitrogen atoms within the troposphere and stratosphere. Following production it is transported to the soil surface by wet and dry deposition. The daily surface inventory of 7Be has been estimated by different authors, at various global locations (summarized by Wallbrink and Murray [1994]) to range from 140 to 340 Bq m -2, from 230 to 330 Bq m -2, and from 370 to 740 Bq m -2. Dry precipitation contributes 3-8% to the inventory in any one month [Murray et al., 1992]. Qualitative models of erosion have been developed using ?Be in conjunction with •37Cs [Burch et al., 1988], and in conjunction with 137Cs and atmospherically derived 2•øpb (2•øPbcx) [Wallbrink and Murray, 1990, 1993; Walling and Woodward, 1992]. These sediment sourcing models depend on the different penetration into the soil surface of the three nuclides and may use both nuclide ratios and concentrations. Correct use of these models requires knowledge of both the spatial and depth distribution of 137Cs, 2•øPbex , and 7Be within the potential sediment source areas. The depth distributions of 137Cs and 2•øPbcx in soils are well documented [e.g., Brown et al., 1981; Longmore, 1982; Matthews and Potipin, 1985; Walling and Quine, 1992; Walton, 1963; Wise, 1980] as are their distributions under different surface cover...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Wallbrink¹,

Murray²

1996

Water Resources Research

139

103

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“…Only little data on the content in vegetation of other y-emitting radionuclides than 1a7Cs have earlier been published (DAVIS et al, 1963;RICKARD et al, 1965;HASANEN and MIETTINEN, 1966;WATSON et al, 1966;HANSON et al, 1967a;MATTSSON, 1967;PLUYMER, 1969;KORANDA and MARTIN, 1971;JENKINS et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(RICKARD et al, 1965;WATSON et al, 1966;PLUMMER, 1969;HANSON, 1971 ;HANSON and EBERHARDT, 1971 ;JENKINS et al, 1972). Reported radioactivity concentrations in 1967-1968 ranged from around 0.06 to 10 nCi kg-1.No detectable amounts of 65Zn (G25 pCi kg-1) have however been found in lichen from the Rogen area either in 1969 or in 1970.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deposition, Retention and Internal Distribution of 155Eu, 144Ce, 125Sb, 106Ru, 95Zr, 54Mn and 7Be in the Reindeer Lichen Cladonia Alpestris, 1961–1970

Lj¹

1975

Health Physics

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TION OF '"Eu, 144Ce, lZ5Sb, loaRu, Q5Zr, "Mn AND 7Be I N THE Abstract-The retention and distribution of the artificially produced radionuclides 155E~, 144Ce, 137Cs, 125Sb, Io6Ru, g5Zr and 64Mn and the naturally occurring radionuclide 7Be have been studied in undisturbed natural carpets of the reindeer lichen Cladonia alpestris collected in the Lake Rogen district in central Sweden (62.3'N, 12.4'E) during the period 1961-1970. The contents of the artificially produced radionuclides in the lichen carpet reached their maxima in 1963-1966. The following maximum values were obtained for undisturbed lichen carpets: 155E~-18 f 2 nCi m-2, 144Ce-250 f 25 nCi m-2, 125Sb-6.5 f 0.5 nCi m-2, 106Ru-50 f 4 nCi m-2 and 64Mn-15 f 3 nCi m-2. For all radionuclides, except lz5Sb, the maximum activity concentrations were found in the top layer of the lichen carpet. According to increasing depth-penetration in the lichen carpet the radionuclides may be arranged in the following sequence: lr4Ce -'Be < g5Zr < 137Cs < lo6Ru < IS5Eu < 125Sb. During the period 1961-1975 the total absorbed dose in the lichen vegetation will be -15 rad with the main contribution (4%) coming from the radionuclides laace and 144Pr.

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Prospects for the introduction of wide area monitoring using environmental sampling for proliferation detection

Wogman

2012

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Radionuclide distribution in olympic national park, Washington

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Deposition, Retention and Internal Distribution of 155Eu, 144Ce, 125Sb, 106Ru, 95Zr, 54Mn and 7Be in the Reindeer Lichen Cladonia Alpestris, 1961–1970

Prospects for the introduction of wide area monitoring using environmental sampling for proliferation detection

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Radionuclide distribution in olympic national park, Washington

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Distribution and Variability of 7Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Distribution and Variability of 7Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Deposition, Retention and Internal Distribution of 155Eu, 144Ce, 125Sb, 106Ru, 95Zr, 54Mn and 7Be in the Reindeer Lichen Cladonia Alpestris, 1961–1970

Prospects for the introduction of wide area monitoring using environmental sampling for proliferation detection

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Resources

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Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes

Distribution and Variability of ⁷Be in Soils Under Different Surface Cover Conditions and its Potential for Describing Soil Redistribution Processes