Radiomics, deep learning and early diagnosis in oncology

Wei, Peng

doi:10.1042/etls20210218

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is in line with comparable studies Hu et al 57 and Wang et al 58 Our benchmark analysis can be adapted for comparing other experimental designs such as the performance of different deep learning architectures. 59,60 In general, radiomics and deep learning methods are not necessarily mutually exclusive and can even be used together in some cases. Deep learning is a powerful method for medical image analysis but requires large amounts of labeled data for training and may not be as easily interpretable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Machine Learning Benchmark Study for Radiomics-Based Survival Analysis of CT Imaging Data in Patients With Hepatic Metastases of CRC

Stüber,

Coors,

Schachtner

et al. 2023

Invest Radiol

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Objectives Optimizing a machine learning (ML) pipeline for radiomics analysis involves numerous choices in data set composition, preprocessing, and model selection. Objective identification of the optimal setup is complicated by correlated features, interdependency structures, and a multitude of available ML algorithms. Therefore, we present a radiomics-based benchmarking framework to optimize a comprehensive ML pipeline for the prediction of overall survival. This study is conducted on an image set of patients with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer, for which radiomics features of the whole liver and of metastases from computed tomography images were calculated. A mixed model approach was used to find the optimal pipeline configuration and to identify the added prognostic value of radiomics features. Materials and Methods In this study, a large-scale ML benchmark pipeline consisting of preprocessing, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, hyperparameter optimization, and training of different models was developed for radiomics-based survival analysis. Portal-venous computed tomography imaging data from a previous prospective randomized trial evaluating radioembolization of liver metastases of colorectal cancer were quantitatively accessible through a radiomics approach. One thousand two hundred eighteen radiomics features of hepatic metastases and the whole liver were calculated, and 19 clinical parameters (age, sex, laboratory values, and treatment) were available for each patient. Three ML algorithms—a regression model with elastic net regularization (glmnet), a random survival forest (RSF), and a gradient tree-boosting technique (xgboost)—were evaluated for 5 combinations of clinical data, tumor radiomics, and whole-liver features. Hyperparameter optimization and model evaluation were optimized toward the performance metric integrated Brier score via nested cross-validation. To address dependency structures in the benchmark setup, a mixed-model approach was developed to compare ML and data configurations and to identify the best-performing model. Results Within our radiomics-based benchmark experiment, 60 ML pipeline variations were evaluated on clinical data and radiomics features from 491 patients. Descriptive analysis of the benchmark results showed a preference for RSF-based pipelines, especially for the combination of clinical data with radiomics features. This observation was supported by the quantitative analysis via a linear mixed model approach, computed to differentiate the effect of data sets and pipeline configurations on the resulting performance. This revealed the RSF pipelines to consistently perform similar or better than glmnet and xgboost. Further, for the RSF, there was no significantly better-performing pipeline composition regarding the sort of preprocessing or hyperparameter optimization. Conclusions Our study introduces a benchmark framework for radiomics-based survival analysis, aimed at identifying the optimal settings with respect to different radiomics data sources and various ML pipeline variations, including preprocessing techniques and learning algorithms. A suitable analysis tool for the benchmark results is provided via a mixed model approach, which showed for our study on patients with intrahepatic liver metastases, that radiomics features captured the patients' clinical situation in a manner comparable to the provided information solely from clinical parameters. However, we did not observe a relevant additional prognostic value obtained by these radiomics features.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our benchmark analysis can be adapted for comparing other experimental designs such as the performance of different deep learning architectures 59,60 . In general, radiomics and deep learning methods are not necessarily mutually exclusive and can even be used together in some cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Machine Learning Benchmark Study for Radiomics-Based Survival Analysis of CT Imaging Data in Patients With Hepatic Metastases of CRC

Stüber,

Coors,

Schachtner

et al. 2023

Invest Radiol

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“…Therefore, further prospective studies need to involve a larger patient population and perform multicenter external validation. Secondly, in our study, the extraction of radiomics features required time-consuming tumor boundary segmentation and human-defined features, and we believe that a deep learning algorithm might accurately and automatically detect, segment, and achieve more objective results [ 38 , 39 ]. Thirdly, only gray-scale ultrasound images were adopted to develop the radiomics model, and other types of images like elastosonography or color Doppler ultrasound might be taken into account for multi-modal imaging to improve the predictive performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an Ultrasound-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Identifying HER2 Status in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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(1) Objective: To evaluate the performance of ultrasound-based radiomics in the preoperative prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and HER2− breast carcinoma. (2) Methods: Ultrasound images from 309 patients (86 HER2+ cases and 223 HER2− cases) were retrospectively analyzed, of which 216 patients belonged to the training set and 93 patients assigned to the time-independent validation set. The region of interest of the tumors was delineated, and the radiomics features were extracted. Radiomics features underwent dimensionality reduction analyses using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Mann–Whitney U test, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The radiomics score (Rad-score) for each patient was calculated through a linear combination of the nonzero coefficient features. The support vector machine (SVM), K nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), naive Bayes (NB) and XGBoost (XGB) machine learning classifiers were trained to establish prediction models based on the Rad-score. A clinical model based on significant clinical features was also established. In addition, the logistic regression method was used to integrate Rad-score and clinical features to generate the nomogram model. The leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) method was used to validate the reliability and stability of the model. (3) Results: Among the seven classifier models, the LR achieved the best performance in the validation set, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.786, and was obtained as the Rad-score model, while the RF performed the worst. Tumor size showed a statistical difference between the HER2+ and HER2− groups (p = 0.028). The nomogram model had a slightly higher AUC than the Rad-score model (AUC, 0.788 vs. 0.786), but no statistical difference (Delong test, p = 0.919). The LOOCV method yielded a high median AUC of 0.790 in the validation set. (4) Conclusion: The Rad-score model performs best among the seven classifiers. The nomogram model based on Rad-score and tumor size has slightly better predictive performance than the Rad-score model, and it has the potential to be utilized as a routine modality for preoperatively determining HER2 status in BC patients non-invasively.

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“…Radiomic features are defined and standardized through the Imaging Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) and for this reason, allow reproducibility and comparison between different works. Effective and efficient extraction does not require training of deep learning models, but only the mask on which statistics and texture have to be calculated [ 49 ]. Moreover, the meaning expressed by each feature is well known (intelligible features), making it possible to study the features and correlate the meaning with already established clinical findings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate extraction of radiomic features demonstrates its effectiveness in scenarios with limited data, in contrast to the data-intensive nature of deep training [ 49 ]. Additionally, radiomic features provide a valuable opportunity for leveraging shallow training methods with tabular data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretable Radiomic Signature for Breast Microcalcification Detection and Classification

Prinzi,

Orlando,

Gaglio

et al. 2024

J Digit Imaging. Inform. med.

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Breast microcalcifications are observed in 80% of mammograms, and a notable proportion can lead to invasive tumors. However, diagnosing microcalcifications is a highly complicated and error-prone process due to their diverse sizes, shapes, and subtle variations. In this study, we propose a radiomic signature that effectively differentiates between healthy tissue, benign microcalcifications, and malignant microcalcifications. Radiomic features were extracted from a proprietary dataset, composed of 380 healthy tissue, 136 benign, and 242 malignant microcalcifications ROIs. Subsequently, two distinct signatures were selected to differentiate between healthy tissue and microcalcifications (detection task) and between benign and malignant microcalcifications (classification task). Machine learning models, namely Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were employed as classifiers. The shared signature selected for both tasks was then used to train a multi-class model capable of simultaneously classifying healthy, benign, and malignant ROIs. A significant overlap was discovered between the detection and classification signatures. The performance of the models was highly promising, with XGBoost exhibiting an AUC-ROC of 0.830, 0.856, and 0.876 for healthy, benign, and malignant microcalcifications classification, respectively. The intrinsic interpretability of radiomic features, and the use of the Mean Score Decrease method for model introspection, enabled models’ clinical validation. In fact, the most important features, namely GLCM Contrast, FO Minimum and FO Entropy, were compared and found important in other studies on breast cancer.

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Radiomics, deep learning and early diagnosis in oncology

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

A Comprehensive Machine Learning Benchmark Study for Radiomics-Based Survival Analysis of CT Imaging Data in Patients With Hepatic Metastases of CRC

A Comprehensive Machine Learning Benchmark Study for Radiomics-Based Survival Analysis of CT Imaging Data in Patients With Hepatic Metastases of CRC

Development and Validation of an Ultrasound-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Identifying HER2 Status in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Interpretable Radiomic Signature for Breast Microcalcification Detection and Classification

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