Radiologist-Practice Separation: Recent Trends and Characteristics

Physician Turnover Among Otolaryngologists in the United States, 2014–2021

“…For each otolaryngologist in each year, we extracted the following characteristics: national provider identifier (NPI), gender, location, medical school graduation year, practice size, and practice name. In accordance with previously established methods, 7,8 we excluded physicians from analysis in each year that they practiced outside the 50 states/District of Columbia or were likely in training (i.e., within seven calendar years of medical school graduation). To enhance the longitudinal consistency of our cohort, we additionally excluded otolaryngologists who billed Medicare <500 work relative value units in 2014 using publicly available data 9 .…”

“…To enhance the longitudinal consistency of our cohort, we additionally excluded otolaryngologists who billed Medicare <500 work relative value units in 2014 using publicly available data 9 . We classified otolaryngologists by practice setting (metropolitan/micropolitan/rural) and type (academic/non‐academic) using ZIP codes and practice names, respectively 7,8 …”

Osteopathic Versus Allopathic Radiologist Workforce Characteristics: A Medicare Administrative and Claims Data Analysis

“…Consistent with methods used in earlier investigations [21,22], years of practice since training was estimated for each radiologist by calculating the number of years since graduating medical school less the typical 6-year internship through fellowship training period. Next, following an approach validated in both academic and private practices [23,24] and used in recent studies [3,6,21,25,26], we used CMS POSPUF to classify radiologists as generalists or subspecialists. This approach classifies radiologists as subspecialists if greater than 50% of their reported work relative value units are clinical services associated with a specific subspecialty [23,24].…”

“…Radiologists' primary billing locations were mapped (1) to US Census regions based on their primary states of practice and (2) as either urban or rural using the Census tract-based Rural-Urban Commuting Area classification scheme, with urban defined by Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes corresponding to a metropolitan area core or metropolitan area with high commuting [27]. Consistent with previous studies [21,28,29], we grouped each practice size by the number of employed or affiliated physicians as follows: 1 to 9, 10 to 49, 50 to 99, and !100. Also consistent with an earlier investigation [21], an academic assignment was made for each practice included in the Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute Academic Radiology Practices list [28,30] of if the practice name included the following words or text strings: "univ," "faculty," "college," or "school."…”

“…Consistent with previous studies [21,28,29], we grouped each practice size by the number of employed or affiliated physicians as follows: 1 to 9, 10 to 49, 50 to 99, and !100. Also consistent with an earlier investigation [21], an academic assignment was made for each practice included in the Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute Academic Radiology Practices list [28,30] of if the practice name included the following words or text strings: "univ," "faculty," "college," or "school." All remaining practices were classified as nonacademic.…”