Radiological safety assessment of lead shielded spent resin treatment facility with the treatment capacity of 1 ton/day

Feasibility study of synthesizing graphene quantum dots from the spent resin in a nuclear power plant to reduce disposal cost

“…Scenario 1 involves the disposal of the spent resin mixture without a separation process. The radioactive concentration of the spent resin mixture was determined by sampling it from storage tank #2 of Wolsong Unit 1 4,49 . According to the regulations on radioactive waste classification and exempt waste standards in South Korea, it was confirmed to be intermediate‐level waste (ILW) 48 .…”

“…Scenario 2 involves the disposal of the spent resin mixture by separating it into zeolite, activated carbon, and spent resin. Zeolite and activated carbon are exempt waste (EW), which is subject to clearance, whereas the spent resin is ILW 4,48,49 . Since the spent resin mixture is stored in the form of 20% of a mixture of zeolite and activated carbon and 80% of the spent resin, 786 drums of EW and 3146 drums of ILW will be stored.…”

“…Scenario 3 involves the disposal of the spent resin, from which major radionuclides have been removed by annealing and using the microwave, as mentioned in Section 1. In this case, since the spent resin is LLW, 3146 drums of LLW and 786 drums of EW will be stored 4,48,49 . Scenario 4 involves recycling the spent resin into GQDs.…”

“…Scenario 4 involves recycling the spent resin into GQDs. According to the elemental analysis of the ion‐exchange resin, which was mentioned in Section 1, approximately 1510 drums of the spent resin, which is LLW, will be reduced 4,48,49 …”

“…Liquid radioactive waste generated from various systems is purified through the ion‐exchange resin in the demineralization system as shown in Figure 1 3 . The generated spent resin is stored in spent resin storage tanks as 20% of a mixture of zeolite and activated carbon, and 80% of the spent resin 4 . Since NPPs generate vast amounts of spent resin during their lifetime, the IAEA Technical document for Management of Spent Ion‐Exchange Resins from Nuclear Power Plants suggests the importance of spent resin management for various reasons such as volume reduction and economic 1,5,6 .…”