Radiological impact of mining: new insight from cancer risk assessment of radon in water from Ifelodun beryllium mining, North-Central Nigeria using Monte Carlo simulation

Orosun, Muyiwa Michael; Ajibola, T. B.; Farayade, Blessing Rhoda; Akinyose, Fisayo Cornelius; Salawu, Naheem Banji; Louis, Hitler; Ajulo, Kayode Richard; Adewuyi, Abayomi Daniel

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08670-3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A recent African study also showed an increased risk of cancer due to groundwater radon exposure ( 10 ). Findings from other Nigerian studies were consistent with exposure to radon in drinking water ( 11 , 12 ). Naturally occurring radioactive elements are found in all groundwater and primarily in bedrock waters.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Groundwater radon exposure and risk of lung cancer: A population-based study in Finland

2022

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Naturally occurring radioactive elements can be found in groundwater and exposure to such elements is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to observe the association between exposure to these radioactive elements in groundwater and the risk of lung cancer in selected regions in Finland. This is a population-based study from 1955 to 2019 in Finland. The exposed municipalities with their corresponding hospital districts were selected based on radon measurements at groundwater treatment plants. Lung cancer cases were obtained from the Finnish cancer registry. The 5-year incidence rates for lung cancer were calculated and a comparison was made between each of the hospital districts with radon exposure. More than 93,000 cases of lung cancer were reported in the radon-exposed regions over the examined period of 64 years. The highest number of cases was recorded in the Helsinki University hospital district and the least in the Southern Savo hospital district. Similarly, the lung cancer incidence rate was highest in Lapland and lowest in the Southern Savo hospital district. The number of daily smokers in the working-age population appears to have decreased in all the hospital districts from 2013 to 2018. A statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer was observed in the high radon-exposed hospital districts compared to those with lower exposure. Groundwater radon exposure is observed to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Groundwater radon exposure and risk of lung cancer: A population-based study in Finland

2022

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“…Monte Carlo simulation is a mathematical technique that is used to evaluate the probable outcomes of any event with uncertainties. This technique is the most widely used approach that accommodates the uncertainties, complexity, and variability linked with many risk-related problems particularly the ones that affect human safety and the ecosystem 4 , 39 – 41 . The National Academy of Sciences and USEPA 42 , 43 have acknowledged Monte Carlo simulation as a means of appraising variability and uncertainty in health risk evaluations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models

Orosun,

Nwabachili,

Alshehri

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Food safety has become a serious global concern because of the accumulation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in crops cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils. Amongst these toxic elements, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) receive worldwide attention because of their ability to cause deleterious health effects. Thus, an assessment of these toxic metals in the soils, irrigation waters, and the most widely consumed vegetables in Nigeria; Spinach (Amaranthushybridus), and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentration (measured in mg kg−1) of the PTMs in the soils was in the sequence Cr (81.77) > Pb(19.91) > As(13.23) > Cd(3.25), exceeding the WHO recommended values in all cases. This contamination was corroborated by the pollution evaluation indices. The concentrations (measured in mg l−1) of the PTMs in the irrigation water followed a similar pattern i.e. Cr(1.87) > Pb(1.65) > As(0.85) > Cd(0.20). All the PTMs being studied, were found in the vegetables with Cr (5.37 and 5.88) having the highest concentration, followed by Pb (3.57 and 4.33), and As (1.09 and 1.67), while Cd (0.48 and 1.04) had the lowest concentration (all measured in mg kg−1) for cabbage and spinach, respectively. The concentration of the toxic metals was higher in spinach than in cabbage, which may be due to the redistribution of the greater proportion of the metals above the ground tissue, caused by the bioavailability of metals in the aqueous phase. Expectedly, the hazard index (HI),and carcinogenic risk values of spinach were higher than that of cabbage. This implies that spinach poses potentially higher health risks. Similarly, the Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that the 5th percentile, 95th percentile, and 50th percentile of the cumulative probability of cancer risks due to the consumption of these vegetables exceeds the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. Thus, the probable risk of a cancerous effect is high, and necessary remedial actions are recommended.

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“…Mining of tin, gold, beryllium, coal and other minerals has been associated with enhancement of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the environment because it involves the extraction of huge volumes of subsurface earths that usually contains varying levels of the naturally occurring radionuclides ( Orosun et al., 2019 ). The health and ecological impacts of mining and dumping of the resulting tailings have been investigated by several scientists in Nigeria ( Orosun et al., 2020a ; Orosun et al., 2020b ; Orosun et al., 2021 ; Orosun et al., 2022a ; Adesiji and Ademola, 2019 ; Usikalu et al., 2019 ; Usikalu et al., 2022 ; Aliyu et al., 2015 ; Arogunjo et al., 2009 ; Ibeanu, 2002 ). The researchers measure the activity concentrations of the primordial radioelements in the mined mineral soils to evaluate the human health and environmental risks of the mining activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-to-plant transfer of 40K, 238U and 232Th and radiological risk assessment of selected mining sites in Nigeria

Orosun

Usikalu²,

Oyewumi³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Radiological impact of mining: new insight from cancer risk assessment of radon in water from Ifelodun beryllium mining, North-Central Nigeria using Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Groundwater radon exposure and risk of lung cancer: A population-based study in Finland

Groundwater radon exposure and risk of lung cancer: A population-based study in Finland

Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models

Soil-to-plant transfer of 40K, 238U and 232Th and radiological risk assessment of selected mining sites in Nigeria

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