Radiological characterization and water equivalency of genipin gel for x-ray and electron beam dosimetry

Gorjiara, Tina; Hill, Robin; Kuncic, Zdenka; Bosi, S.; Davies, Justin; Baldock, Clive

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/15/004

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…(vii) Dosimeters, e.g. thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLs), thimble (Ubrich et al, 2008), Roos 1 (Roos, 1993), PinPoint 1 , Markus 1 (Hill et al, 2009), Semiflex 2 (Liebmann et al, 2015), Bragg-peak (Crosbie et al, 2015) and Farmer (Farmer, 1955) ionization chambers, alanine, PRESAGE 1 [radiochromic plastic; Adamovics & Maryanski (2006) and Gagliardi et al (2015)], Geiger-Mü ller (GM) tubes, metaloxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) 14 , single-crystal diamond detectors (SCDDs), Si-based detectors such as the X-Tream dosimetry system (Petasecca et al, 2012), other radiochromic materials such as Fricke, polyacrylamide and genipen gels (see, for example, Schreiner, 2004;Gorjiara et al, 2011).…”

Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

et al. 2017

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A critical early phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as ambitious and complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary polychromatic and monochromatic X-ray beams, with particular emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs), the primary-slit system and any in vacuo and ex vacuo filters. The findings from these studies will be described herein. These results will benefit IMBL and other users in the future, especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (or `quality') and flux density is important. This information is critical for radiotherapy and radiobiology users, who ultimately need to know (to better than 5%) what X-ray dose or dose rate is being delivered to their samples. Various correction factors associated with ionization-chamber (IC) dosimetry have been accounted for, e.g. ion recombination, electron-loss effects. A new and innovative approach has been developed in this regard, which can provide confirmation of key parameter values such as the magnetic field in the wiggler and the effective thickness of key filters. IMBL commenced operation in December 2008 with an Advanced Photon Source (APS) wiggler as the (interim) ID. A superconducting multi-pole wiggler was installed and operational in January 2013. Results are obtained for both of these IDs and useful comparisons are made. A comprehensive model of the IMBL has been developed, embodied in a new computer program named spec.exe, which has been validated against a variety of experimental measurements. Having demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the model, it is then possible to use it in a practical and predictive manner. It is hoped that spec.exe will prove to be a useful resource for synchrotron science in general, and for hard X-ray beamlines, whether they are based on bending magnets or insertion devices, in particular. In due course, it is planned to make spec.exe freely available to other synchrotron scientists.

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Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

et al. 2017

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“…The mass attenuation and mass energy absorption coefficients [4], [5], linear attenuation coefficient [6], [7] calculation of mass stopping and scattering [8]- [10], electron density and effective atomic number [5], [8], [11] of several materials have been used to determinate theradiological equivalence to water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equivalent tissue materials and Monte Carlo method have been used to perform dosimetric measurements in radiotherapy and nuclear medicine with the purpose of giving an accurate absorbed dose to patients and reduce it in critical tissues [6], [7], [12], [13]. Radiological properties and water equivalence of hydrogels have been previously studied to be used in x-ray, electron beams and brachytherapy sources dosimetry [4], [8], [10] due to these materials allow to know the three dimensional distribution of absorbed dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Tissue Modeling with Agar Gel Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry of <sup>99m</sup>Tc

Aranda-Lara¹,

Torres-García²,

Oros‐Pantoja³

2014

OJRad

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The biological tissue has been mimicked and replaced by other materials, which have shown certain radiological similarity determined by attenuation coefficient (μ), density and atomic number. Specifically, in molecular imaging and radiation therapy have been developed multifunctional radiopharmaceuticals which contain beta/gamma and/or light emitters to chronic degenerative diseases treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop phantoms that allow optical and radiometric characterization. Since the agar gel has shown to be a medium which allows to model biological tissue in phototherapy studies, the aim of this study is to determine whether the agar gel may be used as biological tissue substitutes in 99m Tc dosimetry. Agar gel was prepared to 1% and 2.3% (water:agar) and its radiologicalproperties as: linear attenuation coefficient obtained by narrow beam geometry and XCOM software, density and effective atomic number (Z eff) were determined. Using the determined μ, photontransmission was calculated by Monte Carlosimulation. The 99m Tc source region was immersed in a water phantom, two source regions were used, one source region was filled with water and another with agar gel. For both cases; the cumulated activity ( A) by conjugate view method, the absorbed doseper unitcumulated activity (S) and absorbed dose (D) were determined. The 2.3% concentration gel consistency facilitated its handling during a bigger irradiation time. A 0.151 0.02 1 cm

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“…Hence Zeff depends on the photon energy, it is mandatory to compute the Zeff with respect to different range of energy. There are well reported publications available regarding Zeff of different gel dosimeter [5][6][7]. As per the best knowledge of the author there is no publication of computing Zeff for metal doped PAGAT gel dosimeter [8][9][10][11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water equivalence study of metal impregnated PAGAT gel dosimeter in terms of variation of effective atomic number

Sathiyaraj

Samuel

Kurudirek

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the water equivalency of metal doped PAGAT gel dosimeter in terms of its effective atomic number. Auto-Zeff software and NIST XCOM data base were used to perform this study. Initially Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) were taken and divided into different concentration (from 0.01 to 100Mm) with standard PAGAT formalism and the elemental composition was determined. Using these elemental compositions Zeff was generated for photon interaction using Auto-Zeff software. Au doped gel was found as a water equivalent in the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1Mm. Ag doped gel have matched well with water from 0.01 to 1Mm concentration in terms of water equivalence. In these concentrations, it has been concluded that metal doped gel is more water equivalent than plain PAGAT gel based on the Zeff data obtained. IntroductionEffective atomic number (Zeff) is an important parameter to consider a material to be substituted for water for radiation dosimetry [1,2]. Many researchers reported the method of finding Zeff for a compound or mixture [3,4]. Zeff of any medium depends on the energy of the incident photon beam so, a single number cannot be a representative of Zeff of a compound material [4]. Hence Zeff depends on the photon energy, it is mandatory to compute the Zeff with respect to different range of energy. There are well reported publications available regarding Zeff of different gel dosimeter [5][6][7]. As per the best knowledge of the author there is no publication of computing Zeff for metal doped PAGAT gel dosimeter [8][9][10][11]. Recently metal nano particles (MNP) are an interesting candidate for dose enhancement effect (DEE) study in gel dosimeter [12,13]. MNPs increase the probabilities of photon interaction cross sections due to their high atomic number (high Z) and yield greater secondary radiations within the gel causing DEE. Different types of MNPs were reported for gel dosimeter such as Gold (Au, Z=79), Silver (Ag, Z=47), Platinum (Pt, Z=78) and Bismuth (Bi, Z=83) [14][15][16][17] for DEE. Though DEE is a great advantage by MNPs, its high Z presence in the gel should be evaluated to consider the MNP doped gel for water equivalency. In this study, Zeff parameter was studied for evaluating the water equivalency of metal doped PAGAT gel dosimeter.

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Radiological characterization and water equivalency of genipin gel for x-ray and electron beam dosimetry

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

Biological Tissue Modeling with Agar Gel Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry of <sup>99m</sup>Tc

Water equivalence study of metal impregnated PAGAT gel dosimeter in terms of variation of effective atomic number

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Radiological characterization and water equivalency of genipin gel for x-ray and electron beam dosimetry

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)

Biological Tissue Modeling with Agar Gel Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry of &lt;sup&gt;99m&lt;/sup&gt;Tc

Water equivalence study of metal impregnated PAGAT gel dosimeter in terms of variation of effective atomic number

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Biological Tissue Modeling with Agar Gel Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry of <sup>99m</sup>Tc