Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in South China

Feng, Qinglai; He, Wei; Gu, Sen; Meng, Yaobin; Yugan, Jin; Fan, Zifei

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.06.012

Cited by 84 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Because sedimentation rate is similar in the whole section, the extinction speed during the second crisis stage is higher than that of the first crisis stage depending on the depths at which these two crisis stages occurred. The extinct rates of the siliceous sponge spicules in type and form levels are almost the same in every crisis, which is different from the radiolarian extinction pattern in South China: the first crisis is a main extinction event for lower taxonomic unit but the second crisis is a main event for upper taxonomic unit [23] .…”

Section: Extinction Patterncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…These samples were dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric acid [23,24] (about 3%) for eight hours, and then the waste liquid was dropped out and the waste liquid and muddy residues were gathered respectively. After repeating for two weeks, the residues were sieved through a 300 mesh per inch screen, and picked for all kinds of spicules when the residue was dry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al [22] and Feng et al [23] made a correlation between Dongpan and Meishan D sections with δ 13 C org change and claystone beds and they thought that Bed 6 in Dongpan Section was equal to the lower part of Bed 24e in Meishan Section. The correlation between Dong- …”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extinction pattern and process of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water during the latest Permian in South China

Liu

Feng

2008

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

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Diverse and abundant siliceous sponge spicules were found in the latest Permian beds, Dongpan andMa'anying sections, South China, including 52 types and 85 forms. Further investigation on these spicules allows us to understand extinction patterns and processes of deep-water sponges. These sponge spicules rapidly decreased below the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB), and the extinction rates reach up to 88%-90% for types and 88%-92% for forms. Their extinction pattern is a gradual one that consists of two stages: the first is characterized by a gentle and slow extinction speed and low extinction rate, and the second by sharp and fast extinction speed and high extinction rate. The morphological extinction process is involved in the disappearance first of the triaxons and tetraxons, then of the polyaxons and demas, and last of monaxons. In exterior structure extinction, the complex spicules with branches and spines became extinct more easily than did smooth spicules. After the end-Permian mass extinction, only five common and smooth forms survived: Oxeas A, Oxeas B, Strongles B, Oxy-orthpentactines and Oxy-orthohexactines A.siliceous sponge spicules, Permian-Triassic extinction, pattern, process, South ChinaThe end-Permian mass extinction is the largest event among the "Big Five" during the Phanerozoic history in terms of the severity of taxonomic diversity losses [1,2] . Marine animals largely disappeared, resulting in about 51%-57% families extinction, 83%-84% genus extinction and more than 95% species extinction [3][4][5][6][7][8] . This mass extinction was finely recorded in South China, thanks to the well-preserved marine strata (from shallow to abyssal). The end-Permian extinction patterns and processes of marine animals have been widely reported, and some paleobiologists thought that this extinction is sudden with only one crisis stage [9][10][11][12][13] , while the others suggested the extinction was gradual and consisted of several crisis stages [14,15] .The fossil rate is affected by biotic shape, abundance, ecological behavior, distribution and average age, and others. The first and last occurrences of one species are rarely recorded in fossils and most fossils disappeared before their extinctions. Therefore, the time recorded by fossils does not necessarily represent the real living time of biota. In other words, the biotic extinction pattern is not always represented by the fossil extinction pattern [16] . As to biologic extinction patterns, Signor and Lipps [17] showed that a random distribution of errors at the end points of biostratigraphic ranges may produce range truncations and appear gradual decline preceding a sudden extinction boundary. This phenomenon had been known as the "Signor-Lipps effect" [18,19] . Meldahl [20] empirically confirmed the "Signor-Lipps effect", noting

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Section: Extinction Patterncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extinction pattern and process of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water during the latest Permian in South China

Liu

Feng

2008

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

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“…4). Feng et al (2006) claimed that a second extinction phase, with the loss of 35% of radiolarian genera, occurred at the base of bed 8; this is not evident in Fig. 4, which only shows the numbers of species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…where, of 137 radiolarian species, 53% became extinct (Feng et al 2006). Albaillellarians and psychrospheric ostracodes disappeared, calcareous foraminifers were largely replaced by agglutinated forms, and brachiopods radiated abruptly (He et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The prelude of the end-Permian mass extinction predates a postulated bolide impact

Yin

Feng

Baud

et al. 2006

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) is said to have been abrupt and probably caused by an extraterrestrial impact. However, evidence from the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the base of the Induan at Meishan, China, shows that the biotic crisis began prior to the level, in beds 25 and 26 at which the postulated impact event occurred. Evidence of such an earlier biotic crisis occurs in other sections in South China, and in central and western Tethyan regions. This event is characterized by the extinction of a range of faunas, including corals, deep-water radiolarians, most fusulinids and pseudotirolitid ammonoids, and many Permian brachiopods. In all sections, this extinction level is usually a few decimeters to meters below that of the main mass extinction in the event beds (25 and 26) at Meishan, and their correlatives elsewhere. This earlier extinction event happened before the postulated bolide impact at the level of beds 25 and 26, and constrains interpretation of the mechanisms that brought about this greatest mass extinction.

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References

2021

Paleobiology of the Polycystine Radiolaria

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Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in South China

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Extinction pattern and process of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water during the latest Permian in South China

Extinction pattern and process of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water during the latest Permian in South China

The prelude of the end-Permian mass extinction predates a postulated bolide impact

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