Radiographic method for measuring the continuum hard X-ray output spectrum of a Plasma Focus device

Development of a radiographic method for measuring the discrete spectrum of the electron beam from a plasma focus device

“…Thus, higher orders of matrix D will have sufficiently low condition number, and, more details of the x-ray spectrum of the device can be measured using the radiographic method. This explains why Raspa et al resolved the x-ray spectrum of a PF device into 15 components using the radiographic method [18].…”

“…In recent years, the electron beam of PF devices has been used in various fields, including thin-film deposition [12][13][14], material processing [15], and lithography [1]. The interaction of electron beam with the metal anode as a hard x-ray (HXR) source has also been proposed, mostly for radiography [16][17][18][19][20] and intraoperative radiation therapy [2][3][4] applications.…”

“…Owing to the short duration of the electron emission in this device (50-150 ns), the Bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum is often measured using passive dosimeters such as radiography film [18], nuclear track detectors [33], and thermoluminescent dosimeters [34] in a differential absorption technique. In this technique, the energy of the x-rays from any pulsed x-ray generator can be determined by unfolding the responses of the dosimeters behind filters of various materials with different thicknesses [35].…”

“…Raspa et al used a radiographic method to infer the HXR spectrum of a PF [18]. They performed differential absorption measurements using metals with different thicknesses.…”

“…In the present research, in accordance with the two cited works [18,33], we used absorption foils, coupled with a radiographic film as the HXR detector to determine the electron spectrum of the PF device. In this method, the effect of the thick-target Bremsstrahlung x-ray photons (generated by the collision of the electrons with the anode surface) on a radiographic film was measured behind various absorption foils, and the results were used to determine the electron spectrum, by using a matrix equation.…”