Radiographic Measurements of the Cardiac Silhouette in Healthy Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrots (Amazona aestiva)

Radiographic Measurements of Internal Organs in Rhode Island Red Hybrid Hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Their Evolution During Egg Formation

“…23 In the present study, the Rhode Island red hens were found to have an HW/TW ratio between 53% and 72%, which is similar to values reported for psittacine birds, columbiform birds, and raptors. Similarly, the HW/CBD ratio was found to vary between 545% and 673% in the study with the 3 psittacine species, 19 and between 708% and 760% in budgerigars. 20 In raptors, a HW/CBD ratio between 570% and 608% was found in Bonelli eagles 17 but the ratio was found to be higher in falcons, varying between 686% and 934%.…”

“…21 Globally, this ratio seems to be higher among the different species of birds of prey, ranging between 57% and 73% in falcon species and ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), respectively. 17,19,22 Conversely, Bonelli eagles (Aquila fasciata) had a HW/TW ratio between 52% and 54%, which is more similar to the ratio in some psittacine birds. 18 In rock doves (Columba livia), the HW/TW ratio was found to be between 58% and 60%, which is between what was has been reported in psittacines and raptors.…”

“…16 Conversely, our results are in contrast with those found in birds of prey, which showed a good to strong correlation between HW/TW but only a moderate correlation between HW/ CBD. [17][18][19] Sternal width is also commonly used to establish a ratio with HW. However, this measurement was not performed in the present study due to the difficulty in clearly evaluating the sternal edges on the ventrodorsal projection in most hens.…”

Radiographic Measurements of the Cardiac Silhouette and Comparison with Other Radiographic Landmarks in Wild Galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla)

“…To improve the accuracy of the diagnosis, many studies have attempted to establish reference values of the cardiac silhouette in different avian species, including African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), Senegal parrots (Poicephalus senegalus), orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica), blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva), budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), Spix's macaws (Cyanopsitta spixii), peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), saker falcons (Falco cherrug), lanner falcons (Falco biarmicus), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), screech owls (Otus asio), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), Bonelli's eagles (Aquila fasciata), and Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The correlations measured between the heart size and stable points in the body could be used to direct the practitioner and identify alterations in heart size.…”