Radiographic measurements and plantar pressure distribution in normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet

Bryant, Alan; Tinley, Paul; Singer, Kevin

doi:10.1054/foot.2000.0581

Cited by 36 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Clinical studies [1][2][3][4][5][6] have often used radiographic methods to measure relative first metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD) in people with hallux valgus deformity. Though the etiology of hallux valgus is poorly understood, deformity is most prevalent in aging women.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Citing only primarysource radiograph reports, [1][2][3][4][5][6] the review concluded that protrusion of the first metatarsal is strongly associated with hallux valgus. 11 The studies [1][2][3][4][5][6] identified in the Nix meta-analysis 11 used two different techniques 12,13 to measure MPD on radiographs. One study 5 also used a less conventional technique to measure the relative difference in the actual length of the first and second metatarsals.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One study 5 also used a less conventional technique to measure the relative difference in the actual length of the first and second metatarsals. Four of the studies [2][3][4]6 used a method that generates a proximal point of reference at the intersection of the bisections of the first and second metatarsals. 13 This proximal point of intersection can be located on the talus, calcaneus, or outside the foot depending on the size of the first intermetatarsal angle.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The other study 5 followed the Hardy and Clapham 12 method, which produced a proximal point of reference on the talus. All techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6] mark the tip of the first and second metatarsal heads for the distal point of measurement. Though the selection of the proximal point of reference is dependent on method, 14 MPD averages between plus or minus 2 millimeters (mm) in adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Though the selection of the proximal point of reference is dependent on method, 14 MPD averages between plus or minus 2 millimeters (mm) in adults. [1][2][3][4][5][6][15][16][17][18] A positive value indicates protrusion of the first metatarsal. 15,19 Metatarsal protrusion distance was measured in this study using a technique called for by LaPorta et al, 16 but with modification to record the relative difference in the actual length of the first and second rays.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Imaged-Based Three-Dimensional Study of First Metatarsal Protrusion Distance in Women with and Without Hallux Valgus

Rodriguez

Pioske

Glasoe

2017

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Background: First metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD) has been commonly studied as a characteristic of hallux valgus deformity. To date, the majority of investigations have used radiographic methods, with most reporting first metatarsal (ray) protrusion to be associated with deformity. As an alternative, this study used a three-dimensional (3-D) image acquisition and data analysis method to quantify MPD.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An Imaged-Based Three-Dimensional Study of First Metatarsal Protrusion Distance in Women with and Without Hallux Valgus

Rodriguez

Pioske

Glasoe

2017

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Functional Impairments Characterizing Mild, Moderate, and Severe Hallux Valgus

Hurn

Vicenzino

Smith

2014

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. Hallux valgus (HV) has been linked to functional disability and increased risk of falls, but mechanisms underpinning functional disability are unclear. This study investigated functional performance, muscle strength, and plantar pressures in adults with mild, moderate, and severe HV compared to controls, while considering the influence of foot pain. Methods. Sixty adults with HV (classified as mild, moderate, and severe on dorsalplantar radiographs) and 30 controls participated. Measures included hallux plantar flexion and abduction strength, walking performance, postural sway, and forefoot plantar pressures. Multivariate analysis of covariance and pairwise comparisons (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment) were used to investigate differences between groups, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and foot pain. Results. Hallux plantar flexion and abduction strength were significantly reduced in those with moderate (mean differences: plantar flexion ؊45.8 N, abduction ؊12.3 N; P < 0.001) and severe HV (plantar flexion ؊50.1 N; P < 0.001, abduction ؊11.2 N; P ‫؍‬ 0.01) compared to controls. A significant reduction in hallux peak pressure and pressure-time integral was evident in moderate (peak pressure ؊90.8 kPa; P < 0.001) and severe HV (peak pressure ؊106.2 kPa; P < 0.001) compared to controls. Those with severe HV also demonstrated increased mediolateral postural sway in single leg stance compared to controls (3.5 cm; P ‫؍‬ 0.01). Conclusion. Moderate to severe HV is associated with reduced hallux plantar pressures and strength measures, while relatively normal function compared to controls was found in those with mild deformity. Greater understanding of specific functional deficits associated with different stages of HV will help inform clinical management and future research.

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Biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous footwear

Willems¹,

Stassijns

Cornelis

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesThis study investigates biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous “Kolhapuri” footwear compared to barefoot walking among a population of South Indians.Materials and methodsTen healthy adults from South India walked barefoot and indigenously shod at voluntary speed on an artificial substrate. The experiment was repeated outside, on a natural substrate. Data were collected from (1) a heel‐mounted 3D‐accelerometer recording peak impact at heel contact, (2) an ankle‐mounted 3D‐goniometer (plantar/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion), and (3) sEMG electrodes at the m. tibialis anterior and the m. gastrocnemius medialis.ResultsData show that the effect of indigenous footwear on the measured variables, compared to barefoot walking, is relatively small and consistent between substrates (even though subjects walked faster on the natural substrate). Walking barefoot, compared to shod walking yields higher impact accelerations, but the differences are small and only significant for the artificial substrate. The main rotations of the ankle joint are mostly similar between conditions. Only the shod condition shows a faster ankle rotation over the rapid eversion motion on the natural substrate. Maximal dorsiflexion in late stance differs between the footwear conditions on an artificial substrate, with the shod condition involving a less dorsiflexed ankle, and the plantar flexion at toe‐off is more extreme when shod. Overall the activity pattern of the external foot muscles is similar.DiscussionThe indigenous footwear studied (Kolhapuri) seems to alter foot biomechanics only in a subtle way. While offering some degree of protection, walking in this type of footwear resembles barefoot gait and this type of indigenous footwear might be considered “minimal”.

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Radiographic measurements and plantar pressure distribution in normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

An Imaged-Based Three-Dimensional Study of First Metatarsal Protrusion Distance in Women with and Without Hallux Valgus

An Imaged-Based Three-Dimensional Study of First Metatarsal Protrusion Distance in Women with and Without Hallux Valgus

Functional Impairments Characterizing Mild, Moderate, and Severe Hallux Valgus

Biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous footwear

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