Radiographic Imaging of Nonhuman Primates

Celia, Riga; Kari, L Christe

doi:10.1016/b978-012080261-6/50022-2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In these cases, pretrial screening of animals by various imaging techniques can be useful, particularly in studies where there are no control animals. 42,43 Although a slightly wider range of heart findings were observed in Mauritian when compared to Asian macaques, contrary to previously published reports, 16 there was no increase in the incidences of myocardial degeneration in Mauritian macaques when compared to those from Asia. In addition, the incidences of background cardiovascular findings in animals from most geographical origins in this study were generally much lower than those previously reported, 22,44 indicating an overall trend toward animals with less cardiovascular lesions.…”

Section: Lung and Cardiovascular Systemcontrasting

confidence: 56%

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The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

et al. 2022

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To investigate the influence of geographical origin, age, and sex on toxicologically relevant spontaneous histopathology findings in cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), we performed a comparative analysis of historical control data (HCD) from 13 test sites that included 3351 animals (1645 females and 1706 males) sourced from Mauritius, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, aged from 2 to 9.5 years, and from 446 toxicology studies evaluated between 2016 and 2021. The most common findings were mononuclear infiltrates in the kidney, liver, brain, and lung, which showed highest incidences in Mauritian macaques, and heart, salivary glands, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which showed highest incidences of mononuclear infiltrates in mainland Asian macaques. Developmental and degenerative findings were more common in Mauritian macaques, while lymphoid hyperplasia and lung pigment showed higher incidences in Asian macaques. Various sex and age-related differences were also present. Despite origin-related differences, the similarities in the nature and distribution of background lesions indicate that macaques from all geographical regions are suitable for toxicity testing and show comparable lesion spectrum. However, in a toxicity study, it is strongly recommended to use animals from a single geographical origin and to follow published guidelines when using HCD to evaluate and interpretate commonly diagnosed spontaneous lesions.

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Section: Lung and Cardiovascular Systemcontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In these cases, pretrial screening of animals by various imaging techniques can be useful, particularly in studies where there are no control animals. 42,43…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

et al. 2022

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“…This is also in accordance with the observation that cyanophyta are extremely opportunistic, and are able to bloom in disturbed ecosystems [30]. Moreover, the dominance of cyanophyta in various microcosms could also be attributed to the production of toxins that inhibit the growth of other algae, therefore promoting their own proliferation [31][32].…”

Section: Effect Of Pilcam Effluent On the Phytoplankton Structuresupporting

confidence: 88%

Freshwater Microcosms-Based Assessment of Eco-toxicological Effects of a Chemical Effluent from the Pilcam Industry in Cameroon

Monkiédjé

Njiné

Elono

et al. 2004

IJERPH

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We studied the acute toxicity of a raw effluent from a battery manufacturing plant (Pilcam) in Douala, Cameroon, to a freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus), and subsequently evaluated its sub-acute effects on water quality and the biota in freshwater microscosms. The acute toxicity test was based on 96 hrs static renewal bioassays that resulted in 96-h LC50 and LC90 values of 16 and 20.7% (v/v), respectively. The sub-acute experiments were conducted by exposing several species of aquatic organisms (plankton, macroinvertebrates and mollusks) to lower effluent concentrations [1.6%, 8.0%, 16% (v/v)] for six weeks, and monitoring their survival rates, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of water. These concentrations were based on 10%, 50%, and 100% of the 96 h - median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the effluent to the freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Significant effects on functional parameters, such as, chlorophyll-a and total protein could not be demonstrated. However, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly inhibited at all concentrations tested. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, macro-invertebrate communities and snails were negatively affected by the effluent application at concentrations ? 8% (v/v), with chlorophyta, ciliates, ostracoda, annelida, planaria and snails being the most sensitive groups. The snails were eliminated after 24 h exposure from microcosms treated with effluent at concentration ? 8% (v/v). Effluent exposure also caused significant effects on water quality parameters (DO, pH, hardness, conductivity, color, turbidity, ammonia) in general at concentrations ? 8% (v/v). Temperature and alkalinity were not significantly affected. Overall, data from this research indicate that a dilution of the Pilcam effluent down to 1.6% does not provide protection against chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. Further studies are needed to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL), as well as a chronic reference concentration for this effluent.

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