Radiographic features associated with temporomandibular joint disorders among African, White, Chinese, Hispanic, and Indian racial groups

Background/Aims. Facial asymmetry is affected by various developmental factors, and congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) is one of the most common causes of asymmetric development of the face. The presence of facial symmetry is usually assessed subjectively, which varies with the examiner. We aimed to objectively assess facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral congenital SOP according to the presence or absence of the trochlear nerve on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. A total of 287 consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital SOP and 82 control subjects were included. Congenital SOP patients were grouped according to the presence (present group) or absence (absent group) of the trochlear nerve using thin-section high-resolution MRI of cranial nerves. We developed a computer-aided detection (CAD) system that could automatically analyze objective indices of facial asymmetry using frontal face photographs. Results. Of the 287 patients with congenital SOP, 60% of patients had ipsilateral trochlear nerve absence and superior oblique muscle (SO) hypoplasia (absent group), while the remaining 40% had a normal SO and trochlear nerve (present group). All but one objective indices related to facial asymmetry were significantly different between congenital SOP patients and controls (all P < 0.05 ). Among these features, the angle of nose deviation was significantly larger in the absent group compared to the present group ( P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Objective analysis of facial asymmetry using our novel CAD system was useful for identifying distinct features of congenital SOP. Deviation of the nose was more prominent in congenital SOP patients with trochlear nerve absence.

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Characteristics of Facial Asymmetry in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy according to Trochlear Nerve Absence

Yang

Jung

Whangbo

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Impact of dentists and equipment in the performing dental imaging examinations: a longitudinal analysis

et al. 2022

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In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with performing dental imaging examinations in public health services. Brazilian data at the municipal level (n = 5,564) in two time periods, P0 (2005)(2006)(2007) and P1 (2014)(2015)(2016), were collated from health information systems. The increase in the municipal rates of intraoral and extraoral radiographic imaging procedures was the outcome. Changes in the use of clinical procedures and the rates of dentists and equipment were the main predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Approximately 35.3% of the Brazilian municipalities increased the dental radiography equipment rate, 9.9% increased the fan-beam computed tomography (CT) equipment rate, and 5.9% increased the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment rate. In addition, 31.8% increased the periapical/interproximal radiography rate, 10.5% increased the CT rate, and 4.4% increased the MRI rate. Increases in the dental radiography, CT, and MRI rates were associated with higher chances of periapical/ interproximal images (OR = 1.90, p < 0.01), face and neck images (OR =1 5.3, p < 0.01), and MR images (OR = 18.1, p < 0.01), respectively. Municipalities that increased the rates of endodontists increased the rates of periapical/interproximal (OR = 2.50, p < 0.01) and occlusal (OR = 1.60, p < 0.01) imaging procedures, and those that increased the rates of radiologists also increased the rates of occlusal (OR = 2.00, p < 0.01) and panoramic (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) imaging procedures. The implementation of a secondary dental care center, Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) was associated with an increase in the chances of performing periapical/interproximal and panoramic radiographic procedures in 1.5 and occlusal radiographic examinations in 2.0. The rates of dentists, equipment, specialized dental centers, and specific dental procedures were associated with the increased use of imaging procedures in dentistry in the Brazilian public health system.

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Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans

Obamiyi

Wang

Sommers

et al. 2019

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To examine normal Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI) and Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator (APDI) values in African Americans and to compare them with mean values from white patients. Secondary aims were to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different age, gender, and combined age-gender groups in African American patients. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 160 African American patients (97 boys and 63 girls; age, 7 to 14 years) with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were collected from the Bolton-Brush Growth Center. Cephalometric images were hand traced, and ODI and APDI values were assessed. Two-sample t tests were used to compare mean ODI and APDI values between African American and white patients; and between male and female African American patients. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different African American age and combined age-gender groups. Results: Mean ODI and APDI values were significantly lower (P < .0001) in African American than white patients with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Mean ODI and APDI values increased with age in African American patients, and there were no significant gender differences. Conclusions: The mean ODI and APDI values in 7- to 14-year-old African Americans with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were 70.9° and 78.1°, respectively, and were significantly lower than the mean values for white patients in the same age range.

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Radiographic features associated with temporomandibular joint disorders among African, White, Chinese, Hispanic, and Indian racial groups

Cited by 6 publications

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Characteristics of Facial Asymmetry in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy according to Trochlear Nerve Absence

Characteristics of Facial Asymmetry in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy according to Trochlear Nerve Absence

Impact of dentists and equipment in the performing dental imaging examinations: a longitudinal analysis

Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans

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