Radiographic assessment of pulmonary fluid clearance and lung aeration in newborn calves delivered by elective Caesarean section

Abdelmegeid, Mohamed; Kutasi, Orsolya; Nassiff, MN; Wirth, K; Bodai, E; Farrag, Foad; Molńar, László; Szenci, O.

doi:10.1111/rda.12998

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the time required for complete pulmonary ventilation and the order in which different lung regions become ventilated remain unclear. Ventilation of all lung regions in neonatal calves was seen within 12 h using ultrasonography [ 12 ], 24 h using radiography [ 13 ], and 14 days after birth using computed tomography [ 14 ]. Pulmonary ventilation was reported to be progressive in all those studies, but whether certain lung regions become ventilated earlier than others, which remain nonventilated (silent spaces) or poorly ventilated, or whether all regions become ventilated more or less simultaneously was not determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Areas with persistent incomplete ventilation appeared as radiodensities in the perihilar lung regions. In neonatal calves born via Caesarean section, monitoring of pulmonary ventilation via radiography showed that ventilation was not complete until 24 h postnatum, and fluid resorption occurred more quickly in the ventral rather than the dorsal areas of the lungs [ 13 ]. Computed tomography (CT) of the lungs of sedated calves revealed that the greatest increase in pulmonary ventilation occurred in the first 6 h postnatum [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Bleul

Wey

Meira

et al. 2021

Animals

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Several aspects of postnatal pulmonary adaption in the bovine neonate remain unclear, particularly the dynamics and regional ventilation of the lungs. We used electric impedance tomography (EIT) to measure changes in ventilation in the first 3 weeks of life in 20 non-sedated neonatal calves born without difficulty in sternal recumbency. Arterial blood gas variables were determined in the first 24 h after birth. Immediately after birth, dorsal parts of the lungs had 4.53% ± 2.82% nondependent silent spaces (NSS), and ventral parts had 5.23% ± 2.66% dependent silent spaces (DSS). The latter increased in the first hour, presumably because of gravity-driven ventral movement of residual amniotic fluid. The remaining lung regions had good ventilation immediately after birth, and the percentage of lung regions with high ventilation increased significantly during the study period. The centre of ventilation was always dorsal to and on the right of the theoretical centre of ventilation. The right lung was responsible for a significantly larger proportion of ventilation (63.84% ± 12.74%, p < 0.00001) compared with the left lung. In the right lung, the centrodorsal lung area was the most ventilated, whereas, in the left lung, it was the centroventral area. Tidal impedance changes, serving as a surrogate for tidal volume, increased in the first 3 weeks of life (p < 0.00001). This study shows the dynamic changes in lung ventilation in the bovine neonate according to EIT measurements. The findings form a basis for the recognition of structural and functional lung disorders in neonatal calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Bleul

Wey

Meira

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The majority of the calves had pulmonary opacity, frequently restricted to one of the hemithorax (focal). Abdelmegeid et al [ 9 ] showed that complete pulmonary clearance in elective Caesarean-delivered neonatal calves is established only within 24 hours of birth, with thoracic radiographic images compatible with clear lung fields, lung expansion, air content of the lung and absence of lung opacification. On the other hand, both neonatal foals and lambs exhibit clear lung fields by thoracic images up to 6 hours of life, by the time pulmonary pathologic disorders can be diagnosed [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the neonatal calves, lung compliance increases and lung resistance decreases over time, mainly during the first 6 hours after birth [ 8 ]. Moreover, complete pulmonary clearance is only achieved within 24 hours of birth [ 9 ]. Therefore, radiographic assessment for the purpose of diagnosing pulmonary neonatal disorders should be considered concomitantly with clinical signs and evaluation of blood acid-base imbalance [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calving duration and obstetric assistance influence pulmonary function of Holstein calves during immediate fetal-to-neonatal transition

Vannucchi¹,

Silva²,

Unruh³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Neonatal immediate adaptation to extrauterine life depends mainly on adequate lung function, which is under the influence of previous fetal maturation and obstetrical condition, both acting to stimulate the efficient liquid removal from the pulmonary parenchyma during the immediate transition period. The objective of the present study is to identify chest radiographic changes of neonatal calves born under the influence of different duration of calving and obstetric assistance and correlate with clinical analysis and blood acid-base balance. Experimental groups were determined according to the duration of calving: 2 h (n = 16), 2–4 h (n = 16) and >4 h (n = 12), and additionally by two sub-groups: no-intervention calving (n = 22) and intervention calving (n = 22). Neonatal calves were evaluated for heart and respiratory rate at birth, 5 min, every 10 min until 90 min. Arterial acid-base balance was determined immediately after calving and thoracic radiographs were made at 10 min of life. Lung radiopacity was higher in the 2–4 hr Group compared to the 2 hr Group. When calving duration was greater than 4 hours, a significant respiratory depression was observed. Calving greater than 2 hours slower neonatal pulmonary clearance, 100% and 91.6% of the calves born in the 2–4 hr and >4 hr Groups, respectively, had mild to moderate lung parenchyma opacity. There was a positive correlation between lung radiographic changes and blood TCO2 and negative correlation between pulmonary opacity score and blood PaO2 and SO2. Hence, it is possible to infer that neonatal hypoxia during prolonged calving has an imperative influence on pulmonary fluid absorption in calves. In conclusion, calving greater than 2 hours impacts pulmonary function at birth, leading to altered lung gas exchange, pulmonary clearance, cardiac and respiratory pattern. Conversely, obstetric intervention when calving has duration greater than 4 hours is beneficial for neonatal oxygenation.

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“…They were randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (receiving no betaine, n=15) and the betaine group (supplied with 80 g betaine/day for 4w, n=15). In this study, we selected this high dosage of betaine to explore its potential impact on the observed parameters, considering previous research findings [25,26]. In a powdered form, the betaine supplement was well mixed with 50 ml of cane molasses to ensure thorough integration of all betaine particles.…”

Section: Animals Diets and Betaine Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Heat Stress-associated Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Profiles and Milk Production in Dairy Cows

Abdelmegeid

2025

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HIS study aimed to assess the impact of betaine supplementation on blood biomarkers and metabolism in dairy cows exposed to humid, hot conditions. Thirty lactating cows from an Egyptian industrial dairy farm were divided into two groups: a control group receiving no betaine (n=15) and a supplemented group (80g betaine/day for four weeks, n=15). Blood samples were collected at three-time points: baseline zero week (0w), two weeks (2w), and four weeks (4w). The levels of cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, total protein, insulin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) were measured and compared between the groups using linear t-test and across time points using repeated measure ANOVA. Additionally, milk production was recorded throughout the study period. The results indicated that cortisol levels were significantly lower in the betaine group at 2w and 4w compared to the control group. Urea and ALT levels were consistently more down in the betaine group at all time points. BHBA and NEFA levels showed significant decreases in the betaine group at 4w. SOD level was notably higher in the betaine group at 2w and 4w. Finally, milk yield was improved in the betainesupplemented cows than in the control group. In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows with betaine positively influences blood metabolites and antioxidant profiles, improving homeostatic response to heat stress and increasing milk production.

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Radiographic assessment of pulmonary fluid clearance and lung aeration in newborn calves delivered by elective Caesarean section

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Calving duration and obstetric assistance influence pulmonary function of Holstein calves during immediate fetal-to-neonatal transition

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Heat Stress-associated Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Profiles and Milk Production in Dairy Cows

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