Radiographic appearance of bronchial carcinoid

Rl, Altman; We, Miller; Dt, Carr; Ws, Payne; Lb, Woolner

doi:10.1136/thx.28.4.433

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The conventional chest X-ray, however, fails in about 10% of patients to demonstrate any signs of obstruction or to show the tumor itself [37]. Pulmonary nodules larger than 5 mm can be visualized by MRI with a high sensitivity (close to Fig.…”

Section: Pulmonary Tumors: Primary Staging and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical Application of MRI in Children for the Assessment of Pulmonary Diseases

Ley‐Zaporozhan¹,

Ley²,

Sommerburg³

et al. 2009

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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The standard examination technique for the chest in children is an X-ray examination - it is fast, cheap and provides a good overview of anatomy and pathology. In cases with an unclear pathology or if more details are needed (i. e. pre-therapeutically), computed tomography is most often performed with the well known drawbacks of limited soft tissue contrast and radiation. Radiation should be avoided in children, especially if follow-up examinations are needed. Recent magnetic resonance (MR) techniques allow for fast and reliable assessment of pulmonary diseases in children. Due to the inherent soft tissue contrast, diagnosis can be frequently performed without contrast media application. This review provides an exemplary MR examination protocol for routine application in pediatric patients. The diagnostic value of MRI is shown in patients with infectious diseases, patients with immunodeficiency, anatomic abnormalities, acquired chronic diseases, and pulmonary tumors. Since MRI is especially suitable for functional imaging, an MR protocol is provided for the examination of thoracic deformities. This review summarizes the use of thoracic MRI in the clinical pediatric setting with special focus on the clinical indications as a radiation-free method.

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Section: Pulmonary Tumors: Primary Staging and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical Application of MRI in Children for the Assessment of Pulmonary Diseases

Ley‐Zaporozhan¹,

Ley²,

Sommerburg³

et al. 2009

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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“…Primary pulmonary neoplasms are an unusual finding in pediatric patients; therefore, they are often not considered in the differential diagnosis for symptomatic children with persistent pneumonitis, coughing and atelectasis [ 65 ]. The conventional chest radiograph fails in about 10% of patients to demonstrate any signs of obstruction and to show the tumor itself, and it frequently reveals only non-specific findings that might be interpreted as inflammatory unless demonstrated to be unusually persistent [ 66 ]. Clinicians might still be reluctant to use CT because of the radiation exposure, so delays in treatment are the unfortunate reality.…”

Section: Common Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical protocol for lung magnetic resonance imaging and common clinical indications

et al. 2021

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Imaging speed, spatial resolution and availability have made CT the favored cross-sectional imaging modality for evaluating various respiratory diseases of children — but only for the price of a radiation exposure. MRI is increasingly being appreciated as an alternative to CT, not only for offering three-dimensional (3-D) imaging without radiation exposure at only slightly inferior spatial resolution, but also for its superior soft-tissue contrast and exclusive morpho-functional imaging capacities beyond the scope of CT. Continuing technical improvements and experience with this so far under-utilized modality contribute to a growing acceptance of MRI for an increasing number of indications, in particular for pediatric patients. This review article provides the reader with practical easy-to-use protocols for common clinical indications in children. This is intended to encourage pediatric radiologists to appreciate the new horizons for applications of this rapidly evolving technique in the field of pediatric respiratory diseases.

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“…Roentgenographic findings include a peripheral mass or nodule, hilar abnormality, and evidence of loss of volume. 43 CT 16 is helpful for evaluation of airway neoplasms but no ro-335 entgenographic study distinguishes bronchial carcinoid tumorss from other types of intrathoracic tumors. 44 When accessible through bronchoscopy, the appearance of a reddish-pink tumor with a smooth surface is very suggestive of carcinoid tumor.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cylindroma, Carcinoid Tumors, and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Rocco¹,

Deschamps

1997

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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The three types of neoplasm discussed here were classified in the past under the benign appellation of "adenoma." This was misleading and inappropriate because cylindroma, carcinoid tumor, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are true malignancies with full potential for local invasion and systemic dissemination. There is no known risk factor or gender predilection. The similarity stops here. They differ significantly from each other and from bronchogenic carcinoma in many ways and can be a challenge to all physicians involved, whether it is the pulmonologist, thoracic surgeon, pathologist, or medical oncologist. CYLINDROMACylindroma or adenoid cystic carcinoma is a low-grade malignancy. In addition to the lung and airway, it has been described in the salivary gland, breast, skin, cervix, esophagus, and prostate. 1 It can also arise rarely in mucous glands of the palate, maxillary sinus, eustachian tubes, and the external auditory canal. 2 Cylindromas account for 5 to 10% of patients with bronchial tumors of mucous gland origin 1,3 and ranks second in frequency to carcinoid tumors. Peak age of incidence is in the fourth and fifth decade. 24 Children are rarely affected.Cylindroma usually arises centrally, in the trachea or main stem bronchi and accounts for up to 40% of all major airway tumors. 13 In the trachea, the tumor is usually found in the middle third, 2 , posterolaterally in the angle formed by the cartilaginous rings and the membranous wall where mucous glands are numerous. Less than 10% of cylindromas will present as a solitary pulmonary nodule 5 and it is impossible to distinguish histologically a primary lesion from a lung metastasis. Goldstraw and colleagues noted a predilection for the right side in primary pulmonary cylindroma, a finding confirmed by others. 67 CLINICAL PRESENTATIONObstructive symptoms are common and include dyspnea, wheezing, cough, and recurrent episodes of pneumonia. 7 Dyspnea and wheezing are the most common presenting symptoms. 2 ' 8 In a series of 38 patients collected over a 20-year period, Grillo et al. noted that dyspnea was present in 69% and hemoptysis in 28%. 9 In a report of 38 patients collected over a 32-year period, Maziak and coworkers observed wheezing, cough, and stridor in 39%, 23%, and 21% of their patients, respectively. 8 The slow growth rate can occasionally account for a significant time interval between the onset of symptoms and the actual diagnosis. Goldstraw reported a mean time interval of 50 months between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. 10 PATHOLOGY It is postulated that cylindroma arises in the collecting duct-acinar region of the bronchial glands since both myoepithelial cells and lining (secretory) cells are present in this location. 11,12 The polypoid or annular solid mass presents a white or Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota

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Radiographic appearance of bronchial carcinoid

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical Application of MRI in Children for the Assessment of Pulmonary Diseases

Clinical Application of MRI in Children for the Assessment of Pulmonary Diseases

Practical protocol for lung magnetic resonance imaging and common clinical indications

Cylindroma, Carcinoid Tumors, and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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