Radiographic abnormalities in cats with feline bronchial disease and intra- and interobserver variability in radiographic interpretation: 40 cases (1999–2006)

Gadbois, Julie; d’Anjou, Marc-André; Dunn, Marilyn; Alexander, Kate; Beauregard, Guy; D'Astous, Jérôme; Carufel, Myriam De; Breton, Luc; Beauchamp, Guy

doi:10.2460/javma.234.3.367

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In our study, the severity of radiographic pulmonary infiltration was not associated with duration of clinical signs. Bronchiectasis was more common in this group of cats (47%) compared to previous reports of 0% to 18% 1,2,5,40,42 . This difference could be related to the long duration of signs in all inflammatory types, but also might reflect improved detection of this finding by digital radiography.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Broncholithiasis previously has been reported as a rare condition, with only 3 reports in 4 cats, all of which were presumed to have IAD 43‐45 . Lobar collapse was found slightly more often in cats examined here (17%) compared to other studies (5%‐10%) 1,2,5,40,42 . Interestingly, only cats with eosinophilic or mixed IAD were noted to have lobar collapse, which could be a result of airway narrowing or hyperresponsiveness associated with eosinophilic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011‐2018)

Lee

Johnson

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Idiopathic inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in cats often is described as asthmatic (eosinophilic) or bronchitic (neutrophilic), but this designation requires collection of airway fluid and it fails to consider cats with mixed airway inflammation.Objective: To identify clinical features that would differentiate inflammatory disease types.Animals: Forty-nine cats with nonspecific airway inflammation identified by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated.Methods: This is a retrospective study. Cats were categorized by BAL differential cytology as having eosinophilic (eosinophils >20% with neutrophils <14%, or eosinophils >50%), mixed (eosinophils 20%-50% and neutrophils >14% or discordant inflammation from 2 BAL sites), or neutrophilic (neutrophils >14% and eosinophils <20%) inflammation. Type and duration of presenting complaints, signalment, body condition score, respiratory rate, CBC results, bronchoscopy, BAL results (% recovery, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count), and radiographic findings were compared among groups.Results: Idiopathic IAD was diagnosed in 49 cats, with BAL eosinophilic inflammation in 23, mixed inflammation in 14, and neutrophilic inflammation in 12. Cough was the predominant presenting complaint with no difference in duration of signs among groups (median, 5.5 months). Respiratory rate and effort also did not differ. Cats with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly younger (4.4 ± 3.3 years) than those with neutrophilic (8.0 ±5.6 years) or mixed inflammation (7.5 ± 4.0 years; P = .03). Results of CBC and interpretation of radiographic findings did not differ among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Substantial overlap exists in clinical and radiographic findings in cats with various forms of idiopathic airway inflammation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011‐2018)

Lee

Johnson

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…CT had a higher accuracy for lower airway disease (88.9%) compared with radiography (50%), which was expected because feline lower airway disease may appear normal radiographically in as many as 23% of cats 14–21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thoracic Computed Tomography in Feline Patients Without Use of Chemical Restraint

Oliveira

Mitchell

O’Brien

2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography (CT) and thoracic radiography were performed in nonsedated, nonanesthetized, cats with thoracic disease. The final diagnosis was obtained with echocardiography, cytology, histopathology, necropsy, or response to therapy. For CT imaging, cats were in a positioning device using a 16 multislice helical CT system. Fifty-four cats had CT imaging of which 50 had thoracic radiography. The most common diagnoses were lung neoplasia, lower airway disease, and cardiomyopathy (nine each). Other disease groups included mediastinal mass (eight), infection (seven), trauma (four), and hernia (three). CT provided additional correct diagnoses in 28% (14/50) and additional information in 74% (37/50) of the cats. Additional correct diagnoses achieved only with CT were most common for cats with lower airway disease. The most common additional findings with CT were lung nodules (n=4), lung masses (n=4), bronchiectasis (n=4), and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=3). Survey CT led to a significant different diagnosis or different prognosis in 20 of the 50 cats that were imaged both modalities. Contrast CT was performed in 19 cats, most commonly in cats with lung neoplasia (n=6), a mediastinal mass (n=4) or an infection (n=3), and provided additional correct diagnosis in two cats not achieved with survey CT. Thoracic CT using a positioning device in diseased awake cats is feasible, safe, and clinically useful.

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“…Many cats with asthma have minimal radiographic signs other than pulmonary overinflation (Gadbois et al . ); however, chronic antigenic stimulation in affected cats leads to permanent bronchial luminal narrowing and wall thickening because of smooth muscle hyperplasia, goblet cell and submucosal gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia, epithelial erosion and eosinophilic infiltration (Padrid et al . , Reinero et al ) and these pathological changes are more likely to become visible radiographically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asthma is thought to result from an allergic response triggered by inhaled allergens that leads to bronchial smooth muscle constriction and airway narrowing ( Trzil & Reinero 2014 ). Many cats with asthma have minimal radiographic signs other than pulmonary overinflation (Gadbois et al . 2009 ); however, chronic antigenic stimulation in affected cats leads to permanent bronchial luminal narrowing and wall thickening because of smooth muscle hyperplasia, goblet cell and submucosal gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia, epithelial erosion and eosinophilic infiltration (Padrid et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between respiratory signs and abnormalities reported in thoracic CT scans of cats

Lamb

Jones

2016

J of Small Animal Practice

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OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of subclinical abnormalities reported in thoracic (CT) scans of cats and to investigate associations between respiratory signs and CT signs. METHODS Retrospective review of signalment, indications, respiratory signs and reported CT findings in a series of cats. Associations between patient variables, respiratory signs and CT signs were analysed using multi‐variable regression methods. RESULTS Records of 352 consecutive cats were reviewed. Abnormalities affecting thoracic structures were reported in CT scans of 138/179 (77%) cats that did not have respiratory signs; the most prevalent CT findings were pulmonary collapse (41%), evidence of bronchial disease (24%) and space‐occupying lesions (21%). Dyspnoea, cough and tachypnoea were associated with space‐occupying lesions. Dyspnoea was also associated with pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis. Increasing body weight was associated with pulmonary atelectasis and increasing age was associated with evidence of bronchial disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Abnormalities were commonly detected in thoracic CT scans of cats that did not show respiratory signs. The most prevalent abnormality – pulmonary atelectasis – is probably a temporary effect of sedation or anaesthesia. A high prevalence of subclinical abnormalities and limited correlations between clinical signs and CT findings will complicate diagnosis.

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Radiographic abnormalities in cats with feline bronchial disease and intra- and interobserver variability in radiographic interpretation: 40 cases (1999–2006)

Abstract: Findings suggested that several radiographic abnormalities can commonly be seen in cats with FBD but highlighted the limitations of thoracic radiography. Examiner diagnosis and level of confidence were significantly associated with severity of a bronchial pattern.

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011‐2018)

Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011‐2018)

Thoracic Computed Tomography in Feline Patients Without Use of Chemical Restraint

Associations between respiratory signs and abnormalities reported in thoracic CT scans of cats

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