Radiochemical Assay Procedures for Drugs and Transmitters

Beaven, Michael A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3165-0_8

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Regarding in vitro methods, basophil tests were commonly performed to detect histamine release, e.g. by fluorometric assay ( 103 – 105 ), radioenzyme technique ( 98 ), enzymatic double-isotopic assay ( 106 ), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( 107 ), and HPLC ( 72 ). Furthermore, demonstration of mast cell degranulation in skin biopsy by some studies provided indirect evidence that histamine might be involved in the development of signs and symptoms of CIndU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review

et al. 2022

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BackgroundChronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) constitutes a group of nine different CIndUs in which pruritic wheals and/or angioedema occur after exposure to specific and definite triggers. Histamine released from activated and degranulating skin mast cells is held to play a key role in the pathogenesis of CIndU, but evidence to support this has, as of yet, not been reviewed systematically or in detail. We aim to characterize the role and relevance of histamine in CIndU.MethodsWe systematically searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) for studies that reported increased serum or skin histamine concentration (direct evidence) or in vitro or ex vivo histamine release (indirect evidence) following trigger exposure.ResultsAn initial total of 3,882 articles was narrowed down to 107 relevant studies of which 52 were in cold urticaria, 19 in cholinergic urticaria, 14 in heat urticaria, 10 in contact urticaria, 7 each in solar urticaria and vibratory angioedema, 4 each in symptomatic dermographism and aquagenic urticaria, and 3 in delayed pressure urticaria. The results of our review support that histamine has a key pathogenic role in the pathogenesis of all CIndUs, but it is not the sole mediator as evidenced by the often poor relationship between the level of histamine and severity of symptoms and the variable clinical efficacy of H1-antihistamines.ConclusionsHistamine released from skin mast cells is a key driver of the development of signs and symptoms and a promising therapeutic target in CIndU.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…The hatched bars indicate the location of authentic 3-methylhistamine. LOR & SNYDER, 1972;BEAVEN, 1975;TAYLOR, 1975;HOUGH & DOMINO, 1977). the isotope-enzyme assay appears to be specific for Hm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Concentrations of Histamine in the Rat Brain

Orr

Eichelman

1979

Journal of Neurochemistry

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—Whole brain concentrations of histamine (Hm) in the rat were measured with a sensitive and specific single‐isotope enzymatic microassay and found to be elevated about 2‐fold in rats killed by focused microwave irradiation compared with rats killed by decapitation. However, regardless of the method of killing, whole brain Hm concentrations were elevated about 4‐fold when the brains were homogenized in 12.5 vol vs 2.5 vol of water or phosphate buffer. Homogenization of brain regions in 12.5 vol of water resulted in Hm concentrations that were about 10 times greater than previously reported values (except in the hypothalamus). Since (1) the‘extra’Hm could be extracted from pellets of low volume homogenates, and (2) synthesis of Hm is not likely to occur through an increase in the volume of water or buffer used for homogenization, we suggest that the elevated concentrations of Hm seen after high volume homogenization of brain tissue are due to a more complete extraction of Hm from brain tissue, and not to an artifactual production of this amine from its precursor (histidine) or some other compound(s).

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“…used for measuring biogenic amines (see Euler 1961;Udenfriend 1962Udenfriend & 1969Sandler 1963Sandler & 1968Garattini & Valzelli 1965;Haggendal 1966;Hanson 1966;McIntire 1966;Callingham 1967;Sharman 1971;Weil-Malherbe 1971;Anton & Sayre 1972;Atack 1977), although for certain applications other important techniques are also available including: bioassay (see Gaddum 1959 ;Code & McIntire 1956;Vugman & Rocha e Silva 1966;Vane 1966;Sharman 1971); enzymatic isotope dilution derivative techniques (see Engelman 1972;Saavedra et al 1973;Beaven 1975) which have proved particularly important for Hm (see Snyder & Taylor 1972); and mass spectrometry preceded by gas chromatographical purification Cattabeni et al 1972;see Costa et al 1975). The fluorimetric assays are relatively easy and inexpensive to perform, yet are frequently of adequate sensitivity and specificity when preceded by complementary procedures for purifying and concentrating the extracted amines (see reviews of fluorimetric assays above).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Procedure for the Isolation of Noradrenaline (together with Adrenaline), Dopamine, 5‐Hydroxytryptamine and Histamine from the Same Tissue Sample Using a Single Column of Strongly Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

Atack

Magnusson

1978

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

128

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Using a single column of a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W, X-4, 200-400 mesh, resin bed 4.0 mm diameter x 75 mm long in sodium form), noradrenaline (NA) (together with adrenaline (A)), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and histamine (Hm), are recovered in separate eluates after a single extraction of the same tissue sample into perchloric acid. Recoveries of the amines from homogenates and filtrates were approximately the same: for NA (together with A), about 90% in a 7-ml eluate; for DA, about 95% in 3.5 ml; for 5-HT, about 75% in 7 ml; and for Hm, about 85% in 4.5 ml. The establishment and routine use of the procedure are presented in detail. Several metabolites of the amines, including 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), the precursor amino acids, and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), can be recovered from the same Dowex 50 column by incorporating the procedures developed by Carlsson, Kehr & Lindqvist in this laboratory. All the amines and many of their metabolites can be purified successively into their eluates in a normal working day. We now have increased opportunities to study aspects of the metabolism of the biogenic amines. Thus, for the catecholamines can be monitored tyrosine + DOPA + DA + NA + A and also DA + 3-MT; and for 5-HT, the metabolic pathway tryptophan + 5-hydroxytryptophan + 5-HT + 5-HIAA. The column purification contributes considerable specificity to the overall procedure. Most compounds which are acidic; e.g. 5-HIAA, neutral or amphoteric, e.g. all the precursor amino acids, are eluted before the amines. Considerable resolution of basic compounds into separate fractions is also achieved : notably Hm is eluted before spermidine, and DA is separated from NA plus A. Thus, many compounds are prevented from interfering in fluorimetric assays which have been especially adapted for measuring these amines in the Dowex 50 eluates. Salt equivalent to at least 10 g of tissue placed on the column does not affect the recoveries of the amines. For quantitative determinations of endogenous amines, approximately 10 ng of each amine on the Dowex 50 column are sufficient, and smaller amounts can be detected. The procedure was developed particularly for measuring amines in nervous tissue, but it has been applied successfully to several peripheral tissues and body fluids.

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Radiochemical Assay Procedures for Drugs and Transmitters

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review

Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review

Elevated Concentrations of Histamine in the Rat Brain

A Procedure for the Isolation of Noradrenaline (together with Adrenaline), Dopamine, 5‐Hydroxytryptamine and Histamine from the Same Tissue Sample Using a Single Column of Strongly Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

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