Radiocarbon as a biomarker of urban pollution in leaves of evergreen species sampled in Rome and in rural areas (Lazio—Central Italy)

Alessio, M.; Anselmi, Silvia; Conforto, Luisa; Improta, Salvatore; Manes, Fausto; Manfra, Luigia

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00409-0

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[31] These background values are (limits in mg kg −1 in parentheses): Cu (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), Ni (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), Pb (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and Zn . Compared to the average values for metals given by Kabata-Pendias [32] for terrestrial plants the upper concentrations (limits in mg kg −1 in parentheses) of Cd (<0.2), Cr (<2), Cu (<5), Fe (<350, S. aucuparia only), Mn (<160), Ni (<1), Pb (<2.5) and Zn (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaf senescence and abscission occur in summer when the metabolic activity of the host has reached its maximum. [18][19] Mistletoe leaves contain chemical substances with strong cryoprotective activity during freezing and thawing. V. album is very common in urban areas and tolerates well gasoline exhausts, being frequently found in parks and green areas; therefore, it could be used as a bioindicator for metals in large city environments throughout the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V. album is very common in urban areas and tolerates well gasoline exhausts, being frequently found in parks and green areas; therefore, it could be used as a bioindicator for metals in large city environments throughout the year. [19][20] Therefore, we investigated the accumulation abilities of V. album and compared the level of metals in leaves of this plant with the soil and leaves of the host. As a host species we selected the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) as this species is very frequently infected by mistletoes in Oława (SW Poland).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Kolon

Samecka-Cymerman

Klink

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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In this investigation we focus on the concentration of elements in Viscum album and its host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban pollution. These broadly widespread species, very common in polluted areas may provide important information to monitor environmental quality throughout the year, especially for V. album. Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured in the leaves and soil of the tree S. aucuparia as well as in V. album, a semi-parasite living on this tree species. The tree and the semi-parasite were studied in the urban environment of Oława (SW Poland). This area was selected because of the influence of a zinc smelter on the level of metal pollution of soil and plants and to compare the ability of S. aucuparia and V. album to accumulate metals. V. album appeared to be a better bioaccumulator of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn and a weaker accumulator of Co than S. aucuparia in less polluted sites of Oława. S. aucuparia was a better bioaccumulator of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn and a weaker accumulator of Co than V. album in more polluted sites. Cluster analysis of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in plants distinguished sites with lower and higher pollution levels which suggests a possibility of using these species for bioindication. However, the ratio of metals in V. album to S. aucuparia was different depending on the pollution level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Kolon

Samecka-Cymerman

Klink

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…On the other hand, plants can also collect the CO 2 from the air by photosynthesis. Thanks to this biochemical process, we can conduct cost-effective observations over a wide area during the growing season of plants (Levin et al 1985;Alessio et al 2002;Quarta et al 2007;Janovics et al 2013;Xi et al 2013;Zhou et al 2014). CO 2 fixation by photosynthesis provides a way to estimate the proportion of CO 2 from magmatic activity (Shore and Cook 1995;Cook et al 2001), natural and urban CO 2 emissions (Baydoun et al 2015), as well as traffic-derived fossil CO 2 emissions (Druffel and Griffin 1995;Levin and Hesshaimer 2000;Varga et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary

et al. 2019

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Deciduous tree leaf and grass samples were collected in Debrecen, the second largest city in Hungary. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fossil fuel-derived carbon in urban vegetation. At the locations sampled, C3 and C4 plants close to roads were collected in September 2017. In total, 82 tree and grass leaf samples were gathered at 36 different sampling points all over the city of Debrecen. The radiocarbon (14C) results of the samples were compared to the local urban background atmospheric 14CO2 data to determine the percentage of the fossil fuel-derived carbon in the plants. Based on our results, the average fossil carbon content in the tree and grass leaf samples were 0.9 ± 1.2% and 2.5 ± 2.5%, respectively. The highest fossil carbon content was 9.6 ± 0.6% in a grass and 4.7 ± 0.7% in a tree leaf sample. It appears that the negative fossil carbon content results obtained at urban sampling areas reflect modern carbon emission, where radiocarbon content is higher than the corresponding local background, presumably due burning of recent wood containing bomb 14C in the suburbs as well as other possible sources such as litter decomposition or soil CO2 emission.

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“…Plants fix the CO 2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, so plant materials, such as leaves and tree rings, can be a method of biomonitoring the atmospheric radiocarbon concentration (Pawelczyk and Pazdur 2004;Pazdur et al 2007;Quarta et al 2007;Rakowski 2011;Janovics et al 2013Janovics et al , 2016. Evergreen species are often avoided for this reason but in the tropical regions deciduous trees are less common, so in this study, only evergreen leaf samples were collected as a biological record of atmospheric radiocarbon concentration (Alessio et al 2002). Samples were collected at 13 sampling points in Bali, Indonesia, close to urban activity and traffic, and far from roads and intensive industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of ¹⁴C in Tree Leaves from Bali, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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The increase of fossil-fuel-derived CO2 in the atmosphere has led to the dilution of the atmospheric radiocarbon concentration, but due to the costly instrumentation, the continuous atmospheric 14C/12C data is incomplete in developing countries, such as in Indonesia. These data give useful information about the level of local and regional fossil emissions. In this study, 14C AMS measurements of local vegetation and woody plant species samples have been used to estimate the rate of fossil-fuel-derived carbon in the plants, which fix the CO2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Evergreen leaf samples were collected in September 2018 on the island of Bali in different, diverse districts in local and urban areas. The samples from the densely populated areas show observable fossil fuel emissions and show that the Δ14C level is close to zero ‰, similar to the natural level.

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Radiocarbon as a biomarker of urban pollution in leaves of evergreen species sampled in Rome and in rural areas (Lazio—Central Italy)

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary

Spatial Distribution of ¹⁴C in Tree Leaves from Bali, Indonesia

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Radiocarbon as a biomarker of urban pollution in leaves of evergreen species sampled in Rome and in rural areas (Lazio—Central Italy)

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Viscum albumversus host (Sorbus aucuparia) as bioindicators of urban areas with various levels of pollution

Fossil Carbon Load in Urban Vegetation for Debrecen, Hungary

Spatial Distribution of 14C in Tree Leaves from Bali, Indonesia

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Spatial Distribution of ¹⁴C in Tree Leaves from Bali, Indonesia