Radioactivity measurements and risk assessments of spa waters in some areas in Turkey

Abstract

The current study presents the results of the activity of radionuclides in spa waters, and evaluates their radiological influences on the population consuming these waters in the Central and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Since these waters are used for therapy and consumption purposes unconsciously, their radiological impact on the people was computed by taking into consideration the annual intake through ingestion of Ra,Th, K,Cs and Rn. The mean activities were estimated to be 11.35 for gross alpha, 6.23 for gross beta, 2.96 forRa, 0.42 for Th, 0.069 forCs, 0.19 for K, and 267 Bq L for Rn, respectively. The estimated effective doses from spa water were found to be 49.77 µSv a (Ra), 5.95 µSv a (Th), 0.07 µSv a (Cs), 0.83 µSv a (K) and 56.03 µSv a (Rn). These values were evaluated and compared with related verified values from literature. Also, physico-chemical characterizations of spa water samples considered in the current study were investigated. This study would be useful for consumers and official authorities for the assessment of radiation exposure risk due to usage of the considered spa waters.

Radioactivity Levels in Soil And Drinking Water Samples Collected from Andon Region (Rize Province, Turkey)

“…where Cwater is the radon concentration in the water sample (Bq.l −1 ), Cair the radon concentration in the set-up after expelling radon from water (Bq.m -3 ), C0 the background radon concentration (Bq.m -3 ). Vsystem the interior volume of the measurement set-up (ml), Vsample the volume of the water sample (ml) and k, the radon distribution coefficient (Duran et al, 2017).…”

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni Kampüsü’nde Bazı Ofislerde Radon Gazı Ölçümü ve Çevrelerindeki Topraklarda Radyonüklid Seviyeleri

“…Ülkemizde ise, özellikle evlerde ve iş yerlerinde radon konsantrasyonu ölçüm çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Madenlerde [6][7][8][9][10], termal kaplıcalarda [11][12][13][14], mağaralarda [15][16][17][18] ve okullardaki (veya kamu binalarındaki) [19][20] çalışmaların sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır.…”

“…Grafikte bu değerler görülmektedir. Th, 40 K doğal radyoaktif elementinin aktiviteleri hesaplanmış ve Tablo 2'de verilmiştir 14. adet toprak numunesinin ortalama 238 U aktivitesi 59±1 Bq/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır.…”

Fatsa-Sarmaşık Kaplıcasında Radon Konsantrasyonunun Belirlenmesi (Ordu İli)

“…Yalova termal bölgesinde 5 kaplıca suyunda radon gazı ölçümü yapılmıştır [13]. Rize ve Samsun illerindeki Ayder, İkizdere, Havza, Ladik Kaplıcalarında, aylık ve mevsimlik periyotlarda radon gazı ölçümleri 2 yıl süresince yapılmıştır [14][15].…”