Radioactive Nuclides in the Incinerator Ashes of Municipal Solid Wastes before and after the Accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Iwahana, Yuki; Ohbuchi, Atsushi; Koike, Yuya; Kitano, Masaru; Nakamura, Toshihiro

doi:10.2116/analsci.29.61

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most of the Cs in MSWI fly ash is soluble, 8,11,12,29 but in SSI fly ash it is insoluble. 5,12,13,29 In this study, we also found that Cs in MSWI and SSI dusts was soluble and insoluble, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium Speciation in Dust from Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge Incineration by Synchrotron Radiation Micro-X-ray Analysis

et al. 2015

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The chemical behavior of Cs in waste incineration processes is important to consider when disposing of radionuclide-contaminated waste from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan. To determine the speciation of Cs, we attempted the direct speciation of trace amounts of stable Cs in the dust from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and sewage sludge incineration (SSI) by micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) at the SPring-8 facility. The μ-XRF results revealed that locally produced Cs was present in MSWI and SSI dust within the cluster size range of 2-10 μm. The μ-XAFS analysis confirmed that the speciation of Cs in MSWI dust was similar to that of CsCl, while in SSI dusts it was similar to pollucite. The solubility of Cs was considered to be influenced by the exact Cs species present in incineration residue.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium Speciation in Dust from Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge Incineration by Synchrotron Radiation Micro-X-ray Analysis

et al. 2015

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“…One method that can be used to mitigate the pressure related to the storage of contaminated incineration ash is to reduce the radioactivity of the ash to less than 8000 Bq kg –1 . Although the use of water extraction can possibly reduce the Cs concentration via the water-soluble CsCl present in the fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), ,− another Cs-bearing compound, Cs-aluminosilicate (pollucite), is also detectable in incineration ashes, particularly in the bottom ash from MSWI ,, and the dust from sewage sludge incineration, , which, however, is immobile in water. Thermal treatment could be employed to extract such water-insoluble Cs from incineration ashes because Cs is an alkaline metal and thus presumed to possess a similar vaporization propensity as sodium and potassium at high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaporization Mechanisms of Water-Insoluble Cs in Ash During Thermal Treatment with Calcium Chloride Addition

Jiao

Iwata

Kinoshita

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The vaporization mechanisms of water-insoluble Cs in raw ash and Cs-doped ash during thermal treatment with CaCl addition was systematically examined in a lab-scale electrical heating furnace over a temperature range of 500-1500 °C. The results indicate that the water-insoluble Cs in the ash was associated with aluminosilicate as pollucite. Addition of 10% CaCl caused the maximum vaporization ratio of Cs in the raw ash to reach approximately 80% at temperatures higher than 1200 °C, whereas approximately 95% of Cs was vaporized at temperatures higher than 1300 °C when 30% CaCl was added. The formation of an intermediate compound, CsCaCl, through the chemical reaction of Cs with CaCl was responsible for Cs vaporization by means of the subsequent decomposition of this intermediate upon the increase in temperature. The indirect chlorination of Cs by the gaseous chlorine released from the decomposition of CaCl was insignificant. A high CaCl content in the resulting annealed products with 30% CaCl addition delayed the decomposition of CsCaCl and thus lowered the Cs vaporization ratio compared to that with 10% CaCl addition at 900-1250 °C. Thermal treatment with CaCl addition is a proposed method to remove Cs from Cs-contaminated incineration ash.

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“…In addition, radioactive cesium (Cs) released after nuclear meltdowns and explosions at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant have become incorporated into municipal solid waste in the northeast of Japan [10]. Therefore, understanding the behavior of Cs in MSWI facilities is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and elements from municipal solid waste incinerators

Takaoka

Shiota

Imai

et al. 2014

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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To determine the concentration and behavior of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from municipal solid waste incineration, size-classified dust samples were collected from four incineration facilities using cascade impactors. The total dust and PM 2.5 concentrations were 1.7-236 and 0-104 lg/Nm 3 , respectively, in the flue gas sampled from the stacks. The total dust concentration in the flue gas was 1/50 or less of the concentrations measured previously in the same facilities with the operation of an electrostatic precipitator. Each air pollution control device used in the facilities was evaluated from the perspective of PM 2.5 removal. A bag filter, activated carbon tower and selective catalytic reduction were all considered to be effective. The removal efficiency of PM 2.5 was more than 99.99 %. Analysis of the particle size distributions of the dust identified two peaks around 1 and 10 lm at the inlet of the BF. Based on the results of an elemental analysis of the dust, the particle size distributions of each element were also calculated. As a result, the emission of PM 2.5 as primary particles from a state-of-the-art municipal solid waste incinerator was estimated to be very low.

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Radioactive Nuclides in the Incinerator Ashes of Municipal Solid Wastes before and after the Accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Cesium Speciation in Dust from Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge Incineration by Synchrotron Radiation Micro-X-ray Analysis

Cesium Speciation in Dust from Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge Incineration by Synchrotron Radiation Micro-X-ray Analysis

Vaporization Mechanisms of Water-Insoluble Cs in Ash During Thermal Treatment with Calcium Chloride Addition

Emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and elements from municipal solid waste incinerators

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