Radioactive materials

Kovler, Konstantin

doi:10.1533/9780857096357.196

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, an enormous amount of research has focused on the extraction of REEs from PG. PG is the main byproduct during the production of phosphoric acid through sulfuric acid digestion of phosphate rocks according to the following chemical reaction [15][16][17]. Ca 5 F(PO 4 ) 3 + nH 2 O + 5H 2 SO 4 → 5CaSO 4 •nH 2 O + 3H 3 PO 4 + HF where n is 0 for anhydrite (AH), 0.5 for bassanite (HH), and 2 for dihydrate gypsum (DH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Enhanced Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum

Xie,

Guan,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs), especially from new and innovative technology, has strained their supply, which makes the exploration of new REE sources necessary, for example, the recovery of REEs from phsophogypsum (PG). PG is a byproduct during the wet production of phosphoric acid, which is an attractive secondary resource for REEs due to a large amount of REEs locked in them. In most cases, REEs contained in PG are mainly encapsulated in the gypsum crystal, leading to a low leaching efficiency. Therefore, it is particularly important to use various methods to enhance the leaching of REEs from PG. In this review, we summarized and classified various enhanced leaching methods for the recovery of REEs from PG, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods were compared. A joint method of recrystallization and RIL may be a promising enhanced leaching approach for the recovery of REEs from PG. Recrystallization could achieve both the complete REE release and simultaneous preparation of industrial materials with high value added, such as high-strength α-hemihydrate gypsum by phase transformation of PG, and the RIL technology could adsorb the releasing REEs and realize their efficient extraction. Such a combination appears to show significant advantages because of high REE recovery, as well as high value-added product preparation at low cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Enhanced Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum

Xie,

Guan,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Radioactivity of Ra, Th, and K isotopes of industrial granite should be evaluated with care as these elements elevate the natural radioactivity doses (Rogers and Ragland, 1961;Doventon and Prensky, 1992). Variably composed granitoid rocks studied here may provide a database to evaluate the future potential for industrial use (Rizzo et al, 2001;Tzortzis et al, 2003;Ahmed, 2005;Pavlidou et al, 2006;Kovler, 2012). As widespread occurrences of granitoids in western Turkey have high potential to be used as building material due to increasing demand for the natural stones, it is also necessary to define the negative effects of radiation in industrial granitoids for human health (Örgün et al, 2005Osmanlıoğlu et al, 2006;Canbaz et al, 2010;Karadeniz et al, 2011;Çetin et al, 2012;Sayın, 2013;Karadeniz and Akal, 2014;Öztürk et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison between natural radioactivity levels andgeochemistry of some granitoids in western Turkey

Erkül¹,

Özmen²,

Erkül³

et al. 2016

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Introduction Elements U, Th, and K are much more abundant in granitoid rocks that form the significant part of the continental crust (Taylor and McLennan, 1985) and the natural terrestrial radioactivity is linked to the naturally occurring radium (226 Ra), actinium (232 Th), and potassium (40 K) isotopes. Granitoids contain natural 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K unstable isotopes and radioactive elements can be incorporated into the continental crust by magmatic processes that involve partial melting and fractional crystallization. Latephase alteration occurring after granitoid emplacement also causes excessive enrichment and relative abundance of radioactive elements (

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Other Technogenic Waste

Baláž

2021

Environmental Mechanochemistry

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Radioactive materials

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

A Critical Review of the Enhanced Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum

A Critical Review of the Enhanced Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum

Comparison between natural radioactivity levels andgeochemistry of some granitoids in western Turkey

Other Technogenic Waste

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