Radioactive material in cosmetic and healthcare products: Regulatory controls

Hanifah, Noor Zati Hani Abu; Hashim, Suhairul; Hassan, Halmat Jalal; Yusof, N.N.; Bradley, D.A.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109673

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A vivid understanding of radioactive information and subsequent provision of information on radiation safety may result in a high risk perception, driving individuals to undertake protective actions [ 15 ]. The previous study by Hanifah et al [ 3 ] showed a general low awareness among Malaysians about radioactive content and the potential for harm in the circumstances of daily exposure to such media. Through the prolonged use of radioactive products, consumers’ risk of cancer and other serious diseases increases.…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, proper guidelines in designing effective marketing advertisement by the government, manufacturers, sellers, and marketers of products containing radioactive materials should be produced to ensure that all vital information on consumer products containing radioactive substances and their potential risks to the environment and society are communicated effectively to the public. The use of radiation in products is becoming more common, which means that more safety rules and practises need to be in place [ 3 ]. In alignment with that, the Malaysian government needs to adopt some actions to increase radiation safety and security through the certification of radiation safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Awareness of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Sulaiman

Sugiran

Hasbullah

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The emergence of online purchase platforms makes products containing radioactive materials more accessible to consumers. These products are gaining popularity and are widely available and easily accessible in the market today. This study examined how consumer’s psychological factors affect their decision of purchasing products containing radioactive materials in the market. Based on the protective action decision model (PADM) and the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), this study proposed a model to add to the literature on consumer awareness of risky products. In particular, this study investigated which type of regulatory focus message (promotion-focused advertisement or prevention-focused advertisement) is significant in moderating the effects of radiation safety knowledge and product knowledge on risk perception when purchasing products containing radioactive materials. The relationship between consumers’ risk perception and information seeking, which leads to the purchase intention of such products was also investigated. Advertisements with varying regulatory focus messages were randomly distributed to participants to determine whether consumers are more influenced by promotion-focused advertisement or prevention-focused advertisement to mitigate the risk of purchasing products containing radioactive materials. The results revealed that promotion-focused advertising messages evoked a positive effect on consumers’ radiation safety knowledge and product knowledge toward risk perception. However, prevention-focused regulatory advertising messages did not moderate the relationships between both radiation safety knowledge and product knowledge on consumers’ risk perception. This study offers guidelines for manufacturers, sellers, and marketers of products containing radioactive materials, and, importantly, for the government to devise strategies in designing effective social marketing advertisement for business, environmental and societal benefits.

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Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Sulaiman

Sugiran

Hasbullah

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Après la survenue de nombreux incidents suite à l'utilisation de ces produits tels que le scandale du Talc de Morhange, de nombreux pays ont développé une règlementation afin de protéger la santé des utilisateurs [5]. Cependant, on constate toujours des évènements indésirables suite à l'utilisation des produits cosmétiques à type de réactions allergiques, d'irritations cutanées, de complications néonatales chez les enfants nés de mères pratiquant la dépigmentation [11][12][13]. Un usage prolongé sur plusieurs années de certains cosmétiques contenant des actifs dépigmentant, des perturbateurs endocriniens entre autre seraient à l'origine de cancers de la peau, du sein, des ovaires et des testicules [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Cependant, on constate toujours des évènements indésirables suite à l'utilisation des produits cosmétiques à type de réactions allergiques, d'irritations cutanées, de complications néonatales chez les enfants nés de mères pratiquant la dépigmentation [11][12][13]. Un usage prolongé sur plusieurs années de certains cosmétiques contenant des actifs dépigmentant, des perturbateurs endocriniens entre autre seraient à l'origine de cancers de la peau, du sein, des ovaires et des testicules [11][12][13]. Des études ont permis de faire le point de la règlementation des cosmétiques dans les pays développés comme ceux de l'Union Européenne, des Etats Unis d'Amérique et d'Asie.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Analyse comparée de la réglementation des produits cosmétiques des pays de la CEDEAO par rapport aux pays développés

Guiguemdé¹,

Diawara²,

Dori³

et al. 2022

JATPB

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RESUME La persistance de fléaux, comme les pathologies dermatologiques de la dépigmentation volontaire en Afrique de l’Ouest, est un problème de santé publique dans le monde malgré toutes les mesures prises pour assurer la qualité des produits cosmétiques dans les pays. Cette étude a pour but de contribuer à l’amélioration de la règlementation sur les produits cosmétiques dans les pays à faible réglementation. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive réalisée à travers une revue du cadre règlementaire de neufs pays/communauté. L’objectif principal est de décrire les exigences règlementaires relatives aux cosmétiques dans les pays. Comme variables, la définition, la classification, la fabrication, l’importation, la mise sur le marché, la surveillance du marché, l’utilisation et la cosmétovigilance. L’étude a montré qu’il existe une règlementation dans la majorité des pays depuis des années qui pour certains est communautaire (Europe, USA, Nigéria et UEMOA). Cependant, il faut noter une diversité des exigences dans les pays, une non disponibilité des risques d’expositions et des évaluations des ingrédients dans la majorité des pays ainsi qu’une insuffisance de contrôle et de cosmétovigilance qui constituent des insuffisances majeures pour la sécurité d’utilisation des cosmétiques. Les insuffisances règlementaires favorisent la circulation des cosmétiques de mauvaise qualité et contrefaits avec des conséquences néfastes pour la santé de nos populations.

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“…Regarding RCP and the exemption dose limit for members of the public, in many countries, guidelines have been established, pointing to a need to satisfy the criteria of justification, optimization, and limitation, also authorization, not least in respect of NORM added consumer products [ 7 ]. The intent has typically been to introduce measures to avoid exposures exceeding the annual dose limit 1 mSv/year as recommended by the International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) [ 8 ], a particular instance being the Malaysian Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) technical document LEM/TEK/69 that specifically addresses consumer products containing sources of radioactivity [ 9 ]. Despite such measures, globally harmonized regulations have yet to be established in controlling the radioactive content of consumer products [ 10 ], many types of RCP being available for use in daily life, with products posing radiation risk from both external and internal exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Bracelets and Necklaces: Radiological Risk Evaluation

Hassan

Hashim

Hanifah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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A particular category of jewelry is one involving bracelets and necklaces that are deliberately made to contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)—purveyors making unsubstantiated claims for health benefits from the release of negative ions. Conversely, within the bounds of the linear no-threshold model, long-term use presents a radiological risk to wearers. Evaluation is conducted herein of the radiological risk arising from wearing these products and gamma-ray spectrometry is used to determine the radioactivity levels and annual effective dose of 15 commercially available bracelets (samples B1 to B15) and five necklaces (samples N16 to N20). Various use scenarios are considered; a Geant4 Monte Carlo (Geant4 MC) simulation is also performed to validate the experimental results. The dose conversion coefficient for external radiation and skin equivalent doses were also evaluated. Among the necklaces, sample N16 showed the greatest levels of radioactivity, at 246 ± 35, 1682 ± 118, and 221 ± 40 Bq, for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. For the bracelets, for 238U and 232Th, sample B15 displayed the greatest level of radioactivity, at 146 ± 21 and 980 ± 71 Bq, respectively. N16 offered the greatest percentage concentrations of U and Th, with means of 0.073 ± 0.0002% and 1.51 ± 0.0015%, respectively, giving rise to an estimated annual effective dose exposure of 1.22 mSv, substantially in excess of the ICRP recommended limit of 1 mSv/year.

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Radioactive material in cosmetic and healthcare products: Regulatory controls

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Public Awareness of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Public Awareness of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Analyse comparée de la réglementation des produits cosmétiques des pays de la CEDEAO par rapport aux pays développés

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Bracelets and Necklaces: Radiological Risk Evaluation

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