Radio signal correlation at 32 MHz with extensive air showers parameters

Considerations on the radio emission from extended air showers

“…In the 30-100 MHz region (figure 1), the 4 datasets from the most recent experiments (LOPES [25,26], YAKUTSK [28], AERA [29], and TUNKA-REX [30]) agree with each other within a factor of 3 and follow the expected quadratic dependence on E p . Although the power from AERA experiment is calculated in a different way than the other three experiments (see item iv) in the Appendix), the nice compatibility of all final results suggests that the approximations and assumptions done are reasonable.…”

Depth of Maximum Development of Extensive Air Showers by Radio Emission Data at Yakutsk EAS Array

“…Air shower axis reconstructed separately by the data of the scintillation or Cherenkov detectors by maximum likelihood method. Energy of showers estimated by the radio pulse amplitude, according to [10].…”

“…It draws attention to the presence of a signal at a great distance from the shower axis. But in this case, the signal ε(E, θ , R) was very close to noise level therefore it should be excluded from the analysis or we should have taken into account the noise influence like in [10]. For this reason, we selected for analysis air showers with signal amplitude exceeded the noise signal 5 times or more, i.e.…”

“…Taking model calculation [10] of connection between LDF and empirically derived correlation X max with LDF as a basis, we estimated X max in showers with energies 10 17 -10 19 eV and then grouped them by energies in a few ranges. Averaging was done with taking into account obtained dependence of X max from energy.…”

Radio emission of air showers with extremely high energy measured by the Yakutsk Radio Array

“…In recent years, interest in the air shower radio emission, as an independent method to study the physics of the EAS has grown significantly, and for registration of radio emission were built arrays of significant size [15,16]. This method makes it possible not only to evaluate the energy but also to reconstruct the longitudinal shower development, namely, the depth of maximum X max [17,18]. This is especially important for huge arrays where the uncertainty in the estimation of shower energy with different methods of detecting air showers reaches about (20-40)%.…”