Radio-propagation measurements and modeling in indoor stairwells at millimeter-wave bands

Aldhaibani, A. O.; Rahman, Tharek Abdul; Alwarafy, Abdulmalik

doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2019.100955

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In an indoor stairwell environment, the LOS path is only acquired in the first section of the stair; however, for the rest of the sections of the stair, all the paths are contributed from reflected rays. Hence, the PLE is around the FSPL exponent of 2 in one stair section as shown in our work and [14]; however, it is high in the hall stairwell (all sections) as addressed in [13,20,21].…”

Section: Comparative Study With Related Worksupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In [14], based on measurements along 14 stair steps in one stair section at the frequency of 2.5-2.69 GHz, it showed that the PLE is 2.2, and the mean RMS delay spread is 2.8 ns. For high-frequency bands, the works in [20,21] showed that the PLE values along 10 stair sections with 12 to 13 steps in each stair section are varied from 6.6 to 7.9 with standard deviations from 4.1 to 13.6 dB at 26, 28, 32, and 38 GHz for different antenna polarizations. In our work, the PLEs along 11 stair steps in one stair section are 2 and 1.9 at 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.5 dB at both bands.…”

Section: Comparative Study With Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high bands, the radio propagation study in indoor stair environments is almost nonexistent. To the best of our knowledge, the only studies which were conducted at high bands in two different stairwells were [20,21]. e path loss was investigated using different models based on narrowband measurements at 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 32 GHz, and 38 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Al-Samman

Mohamed

Cheffena

2020

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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To cover the high demand for wireless data services for different applications in the wireless networks, different frequency bands below 6 GHz and in millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) above 24 GHz are proposed for the fifth generation (5G) of communication. The communication network is supposed to handle, among others, indoor traffic in normal situations as well as during emergencies. The stairway is one of those areas which has less network traffic during normal conditions but increases significantly during emergencies. This paper presents the radio propagation in an indoor stairway environment based on wideband measurements in the line of sight (LOS) at two candidate frequencies for 5G wireless networks, namely, 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz. The path loss, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, K-factor results, and analysis are provided. The close-in free-space reference distance (CI), floating intercept (FI), and the close-in free-space reference distance with frequency weighting (CIF) path loss models are provided. The channel parameters such as the number of clusters, the ray and cluster arrival rates, and the ray and cluster decay factors are also obtained for both frequencies. The findings of the path loss show that the CI, FI, and CIF models fit the measured data well in both frequencies with the path loss exponent identical to the free-space path loss. Based on clustering results, it is found that the cluster decay rates are identical at both bands. The results from this and previous measurements indicate that at least one access point is required for every two sections of the stairway to support good coverage along the stairwell area in 5G wireless networks. Moreover, for 5G systems utilizing mm-Wave frequency bands, one access point for each stair section might be necessary for increased reliability of the 5G network in stairwell environments.

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Section: Comparative Study With Related Worksupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Comparative Study With Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Al-Samman

Mohamed

Cheffena

2020

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…A common part of any building structure is the stairs, essentially used in emergency cases for fire escape or in natural disasters. Few propagation measurements have been conducted at mmWave for indoor channels in the stairwell [121][122][123]. In [121,122], the path loss was investigated using CI, FI, ABG, and CIF models based on NB measurements at 28 GHz, 32 GHz, and 38 GHz that conducted in two different stairwells in a tropical region, i.e., Malaysia.…”

Section: Critical Indoor Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Models in Indoor Environments

et al. 2021

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The millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver a huge bandwidth to address the future demands for higher data rate transmissions. However, one of the major challenges in the mmWave band is the increase in signal loss as the operating frequency increases. This has attracted several research interests both from academia and the industry for indoor and outdoor mmWave operations. This paper focuses on the works that have been carried out in the study of the mmWave channel measurement in indoor environments. A survey of the measurement techniques, prominent path loss models, analysis of path loss and delay spread for mmWave in different indoor environments is presented. This covers the mmWave frequencies from 28 GHz to 100 GHz that have been considered in the last two decades. In addition, the possible future trends for the mmWave indoor propagation studies and measurements have been discussed. These include the critical indoor environment, the roles of artificial intelligence, channel characterization for indoor devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and mmWave for 6G systems. This survey can help engineers and researchers to plan, design, and optimize reliable 5G wireless indoor networks. It will also motivate the researchers and engineering communities towards finding a better outcome in the future trends of the mmWave indoor wireless network for 6G systems and beyond.

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“…Due to these, radio waves may reflect, refract, and diffract. Therefore, when designing a radio communication system, it is important to consider these factors [8,9,10].…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of Different Environmental Stimuli on Radio Wave Propagation

2020

IJETER

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Antennas are devices used either as a transmitter wherein electric current is supplied to the antenna then transmits that current as a radio wave or a receiver wherein radio waves are intercepted and converted to electric current. These electromagnetic radio waves are used for long distance communications. When designing antennas for the use of propagating radio waves, it is important to take into account that there can be possible losses or attenuations in real world applications. So in order for an optimal deployment of an antenna, modeling under harsh conditions should be good practice. This paper will consider the possible environmental conditions under which antennas typically operate at such as rain, fog, and other atmospheric gases. The modeling will be done by using the Phased Array System Toolbox that is available in MATLAB. The group will then make a script that will plot the various losses due to different environmental stimuli.

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Radio-propagation measurements and modeling in indoor stairwells at millimeter-wave bands

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Survey of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Models in Indoor Environments

Modeling the Effects of Different Environmental Stimuli on Radio Wave Propagation

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