Radio Propagation in Rural Residential Areas with Vegetation

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper we describe radio wave propagation within mixed residential area consisting of vegetation and houses. We assume no specific knowledge of the houses and vegetation location, but only of their statistical parameters. A three-dimensional (3D) stochastic approach, which is based on the statistical description of the terrain features, houses and vegetation, and deterministic description of signal decay is presented. The scattering and diffraction from trees and buildings, as well as the diffused reflection from the rough structures of the obstructions are modeled using the statistical description of an array of non-transparent phase screens randomly distributed on the rough terrain. The model, which accounts for single scattering and diffraction phenomena and a similar model, which accounts for multiple scattering effects without effects of diffraction are compared with measurements carried out in typical rural mixed residential areas with vegetation. The accuracy of the theoretical prediction is analyzed accounting possible variations of the terrain features. The approach presented here is applicable in many cases, where specific topographical information is not available.

Propagation Analysis and Deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network in a Forest

“…In the related literature, there are some propagation analyses in the VHF band within forests [14][15][16] and some indoor [17] and outdoor propagation studies in the UHF band within vegetated environments [18]. But the size of the future WSN will increase substantially in order to cover bigger outdoor areas, so, the need of a simpler propagation model is increasing.…”

Theoretical Aspects of Wave Propagation in Random Media Based on Quanty and Statistical Field Theory

“…An example of one of the successful application of this approach to radio propagation in terrestrial environment, rural, mixed and urban, can be found in [31][32][33][34][35], where the combination of statistical description of the terrain, as an array of randomly distributed discrete obstructions, and the statistical description of wave equations have been evaluated based on quantum field theory with presentation of Feynman's diagrams by a limited-to-zero finite set of expanded Green functions according to perturbation theory for single, double, triple, etc., scattering phenomenon.…”

“…Two examples on how to resolve equations for scattering wave from the obstructions randomly distributed according to Poisson law at the ground surface were shown in [34] for description of multiple scattering from trees in forested environment and in [35] for description of single scattering and diffraction from houses and trees placed at the rough terrain. In these works, by use instead of the Feynman…”

Radio Wave Propagation Through Vegetation

“…Furthermore a main concern in Born approximation is its validity is restricted to scatterers with a dielectric permittivity close to unity and that the effect of multiple scattering from the discrete scatterers are not negligible [33]. To overcome these limitations the Feynman diagrams are converted to the set of expanded green functions presented in integral operator form is suggested as an alternative to Born approximation [33], [34].…”