Radio Measurement of the Atmospheric Ozone Transition at 101.7 GHz

Caton, William M.; Mannella, G. G.; Kalaghan, P. M.; Barrington, A. E.; Ewen, H. I.

doi:10.1086/180163

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…For spectral resolution of a few megahertz, the line amplitudes in emission at zenith are generally a few tenths of a degree Kelvin except for the line at 101.737 GHz, which had an amplitude of a few degrees. The most precise line measurement was that made at 101.737 GHz by Caton et al [32], and their figure showing the line observed in absorption against the sun at 64" zenith angle is reproduced here in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Ozone has many spectral lines at microwave frequencies, but because of the low abundance of ozone these lines are difficult to detect. Barrett [32], and Weigand [33]. These theoretical expressions are based upon line frequencies and line strengths calculated by Gora [34] and upon the Van Vleck-Weisskopf line-shape assumption.…”

Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present five resonances in the terrestrial atmosphere have been observed. Mouw and Silver [35] observed the 36.025-GHz line in absorption against the sun, Caton et al [31] observed the 37.836-GHz line in absorption and the 30.056-GHz line in emission, Barrett et al [36] observed the 23.861-GHz line in emission, and Caton et al [32] observed the 101.737-GHz line in both emission and absorption. For spectral resolution of a few megahertz, the line amplitudes in emission at zenith are generally a few tenths of a degree Kelvin except for the line at 101.737 GHz, which had an amplitude of a few degrees.…”

Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

Staelin

1969

Proc. IEEE

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Passive remote sensing at microwave frequencies has applications which range from meteorology t o oceanography and geology. The meteorological applications are the most fully developed and include measurements of the temperature profile of the atmosphere and of the atmospheric distribution of H,O and 0,. Such measurements can be made from space or from the ground by utilizing the microwave resonances of 0,. H,O. and 0, which occur near 1-cm wavelength. Although infrared observations permit similar meteorological measurements, such optical devices are much more sensitive t o aerosols and clouds. The small but finite nonresonant attenuation of most moderate clouds at microwave frequencies also permits their liquid water content t o be estimated. At wavelengths longer than 2 an the microwave properties of the terrestrial surface dominate observations from space, and measurements as a function of polarization and viewing angle yield information about surface temperature and emissivity. Such measurements of the ocean should also permit the sea state t o be inferred. The review has two major parts. The first part reviews the physics of the interactions, the mathematics of data interpretation, and the instrumentation currently available. The second part is applicationsoriented and emphasizes the types, accuracy, and refevance of possible meteorological measurements.

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Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tb(v) = + J:-xt(z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

Staelin

1969

Proc. IEEE

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“…Since the pioneering work by Caton et al (1968) several heterodyne radiometer systems dedicated to middle atmospheric O 3 observations have been developed, primarily for the relatively strong O 3 transitions at 110.8 and 142.2 GHz. Lobsiger (1987) developed a load-switching technique where the sky, a liquid nitrogen cold load at 80 K, and an ambient load were measured during each observation cycle; several 142.2 GHz instruments use variants of this method (Hartogh et al, 1991;Peter et al, 1998;Hocke et al, 2007;Palm et al, 2010;Moreira et al, 2015).…”

Section: P Forkman Et Al: Double-sideband 3 MM Receiver Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>

Forkman¹,

Christensen²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2016

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. During the last decades, ground-based microwave radiometry has matured into an established remote sensing technique for measuring vertical profiles of a number of gases in the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Microwave radiometry is the only ground-based technique that can provide vertical profiles of gases in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere both day and night, and even during cloudy conditions. Except for microwave instruments placed at high-altitude sites, or at sites with dry atmospheric conditions, only molecules with significant emission lines below 150 GHz, such as CO, H 2 O, and O 3 , can be observed. Vertical profiles of these molecules can give important information about chemistry and dynamics in the middle atmosphere.Today these measurements are performed at relatively few sites; more simple and reliable instrument solutions are required to make the measurement technique more widely spread. This need is urgent today as the number of satellite sensors observing the middle atmosphere is about to decrease drastically. In this study a compact double-sideband frequency-switched radiometer system for simultaneous observations of mesospheric CO at 115.27 GHz and O 3 at 110.84 GHz is presented.The radiometer, its calibration scheme, and its observation method are presented. The retrieval procedure, including compensation of the different tropospheric attenuations at the two frequencies and error characterization, are also described. The first measurement series from October 2014 until April 2015 taken at the Onsala Space Observatory, OSO (57 • N, 12 • E), is analysed. The retrieved vertical profiles are compared with co-located CO and O 3 data from the MLS instrument on the Aura satellite. The data sets from the instruments agree well with each other. The main differences are the higher OSO volume mixing ratios of O 3 in the upper mesosphere during the winter nights and the higher OSO volume mixing ratios of CO in the mesosphere during the winter. The low bias of mesospheric winter values of CO from MLS compared to ground-based instruments was reported earlier.

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“…Simultaneous measurements of mesospheric gases with different chemical lifetimes, such as ozone (fraction of an hour) and carbon monoxide (order of weeks), can give important information on both chemical and dynamical processes in this altitude region. The middle atmospheric distribution of ozone, O 3 , is characterized by a stratospheric volume mixing ratio (vmr) peak at ∼ 35 km altitude, first described by Chapman (1930), and a diurnally varying secondary mesospheric peak at ∼ 90 km altitude (Hays and Roble, 1973). The secondary peak is formed during night by reactions between atomic and molecular oxygen and partly destroyed by photo-dissociation during day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A~compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>

Forkman¹,

Christensen²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. During the last decades, ground-based microwave radiometry has matured to an established remote sensing technique for measuring vertical profiles of a number of gases in the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Microwave radiometry is the only ground-based technique that can provide vertical profiles of gases in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere both day and night, and even during cloudy conditions. Except for microwave instruments placed at high altitude sites, or at sites with dry atmospheric conditions, only molecules with significant emission lines below 150 GHz, such as CO, H2O and O3 can be observed. Vertical profiles of these molecules can give important information about chemistry and dynamics in the middle atmosphere. Today these measurements are performed at relatively few sites, more simple and reliable instrument solutions are required to make the measurement technique more widely spread. This need is today urgent as the number of satellite sensors observing the middle atmosphere is about to decrease drastically. In this study a compact double-sideband frequency-switched radiometer system for simultaneous observations of mesospheric CO at 115.27 GHz and O3 at 110.84 GHz is presented The radiometer, its calibration scheme and observation method are presented. The retrieval procedure, including compensation of the different tropospheric attenuation at the two frequencies, and error characterization are also described. The first measurement series from October 2014 until April 2015 taken at the Onsala Space Observatory, OSO, (57° N, 12° E) is analysed. The retrieved vertical profiles are compared with co-located CO and O3 data from the MLS instrument on the Aura satellite. The datasets from the instruments agree well to each other. The main differences are the higher OSO volume mixing ratios of O3 in the upper mesosphere during the winter nights and the higher OSO volume mixing ratios of CO in the mesosphere during the winter. The low bias of mesospheric winter values of CO from MLS compared to ground-based instruments has been reported earlier.

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Radio Measurement of the Atmospheric Ozone Transition at 101.7 GHz

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

A compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>

A~compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>

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Radio Measurement of the Atmospheric Ozone Transition at 101.7 GHz

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

Passive remote sensing at microwave wavelengths

A compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

A~compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

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A compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>

A~compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>