Radio frequency (RF) time-of-flight ranging for wireless sensor networks

Thorbjornsen, Bjorn; White, Neil; Brown, A.D.; Reeve, J S

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/21/3/035202

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A two-way TOF ranging scheme is presented in [89] which measures the frequency difference between the transmitted and received signals using narrowband RF. The frequency difference is then used to obtain subclock TOF phase offset measurement and a corresponding distance estimate.…”

Section: ) Rf Methods Distance Via Rssi: Received Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Iliev

Paprotny

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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Spatial localization (co-location) of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an active area of research, with many applications in sensing from distributed systems such as micro-aerial vehicles, smart dust sensors, and mobile robotics. This paper provides a comprehensive review and comparison of recent implementations (commercial and academic) of physical measurement techniques used in sensor localization, and of the localization algorithms that apply these measurement techniques. Physical methods for measuring distances and angles between WSN nodes are reviewed, followed by a comprehensive comparison of localization accuracy, applicable ranges, node dimensions, and power consumption of the different implementations. A summary of advantages and disadvantages of each measurement technique is provided along with a comparison of co-localization methods in WSNs across multiple algorithms and distance ranges. A discussion of possible improvements to accuracy, range, and power consumption of selected self-localization methods is included in the concluding discussion. Although the preferred implementation depends on the application, required accuracy, and range, passive optical triangulation is reported as the most energy efficient localization method for low-cost/low-power miniature sensor nodes. It is capable of providing micron-level resolution, however the applicable range (inter-node distance) is limited to single centimeters.1530-437X (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2450742, IEEE Sensors Journal SUBMITTED TO THE IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2 on 2.4 GHz radios are: Nordic Semiconductor nRF24L01 transceiver [16] with consumed power from 345 µW to 2.4 mW depending on the refresh rate of the location task, ZigBee Texas Instruments SoC CC2430 radio transceiver [12] with 10 mW to 40 mW consumption depending on implementation, RF Telosb transceivers [17] with consumption from 35 mW to 41 mW depending on the activity profile, and finally on custom radios for IEEE 802.15.4 build from digital ASIC standard cells technology [18] with power consumption of 15.6 mW at 0 dB output power. The communication system is used by a sensor node to perform its message-based self-localization task as well as for broadcasting the basic data collected by the sensor. Communication systems based on ultrasound waves have not been attempted due to the directional dependence of acoustic signals and their dependence on air temperature and humidity. Optical communication between sensors in WSN has been implemented recently using low-power laser diode emitters and detectors [19], modulating Corner-Cube Reflectors (CCR) [20], MEMS CCR arrays [21], MEMS steering mirors (gold coated, refl...

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Section: ) Rf Methods Distance Via Rssi: Received Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Iliev

Paprotny

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…This implementation with the use of an interrupt will yield better resolution than sampling the GDO pin with a constant sampling rate as in [17]. When the full packet is received, it is checked for correctness and if it is found to be correct the captured value is stored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Way Time of Flight Ranging Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Mazomenos

Jäger

Reeve

et al. 2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract.Relative ranging between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes is considered to be an important requirement for a number of distributed applications. This paper focuses on a two-way, time of flight (ToF) technique which achieves good accuracy in estimating the point-to-point distance between two wireless nodes. The underlying idea is to utilize a two-way time transfer approach in order to avoid the need for clock synchronization between the participating wireless nodes. Moreover, by employing multiple ToF measurements, sub-clock resolution is achieved. A calibration stage is used to estimate the various delays that occur during a message exchange and require subtraction from the initial timed value. The calculation of the range between the nodes takes place on-node making the proposed scheme suitable for distributed systems. Care has been taken to exclude the erroneous readings from the set of measurements that are used in the estimation of the desired range. The two-way ToF technique has been implemented on commercial off-the-self (COTS) devices without the need for additional hardware. The system has been deployed in various experimental locations both indoors and outdoors and the obtained results reveal that accuracy between 1m RMS and 2.5m RMS in line-of-sight conditions over a 42m range can be achieved.

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“…By sending a ranging signal and waiting for a reply, the individual clock biases are subtracted away. Reference [23] proposed a two-way TOF ranging scheme using narrow-band RF chip CC2430.…”

Section: Radio Frequency Time Of Flight Rangingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A distributed newton iteration based localization scheme in underground tunnels

Qin

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2012

Proceedings of 2012 UKACC International Conference on Control

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One of the main concerns in underground working tunnels is ensuring the safety of the workers and their equipment. Being aware of the real-time position of personnel in such harsh environment is challenging and requires a sophisticated localization system. With traditional Received Signal Strength (RSS) failing to accurately estimate the distance between nodes due to multipath effect in such long and narrow space, Radio Frequency Time-of-Flight (RF-TOF) is proved to be an alternative method for more accurate distance estimation. To reduce the communication cost, a distributed localization scheme is proposed, where a simple Newton Iteration location estimation algorithm is embedded in the blind node. Linear least square estimation is used as the initial value to accelerate the convergence of the iteration. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Radio frequency (RF) time-of-flight ranging for wireless sensor networks

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

A Two-Way Time of Flight Ranging Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

A distributed newton iteration based localization scheme in underground tunnels

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