Radio Frequency-Based Indoor Localization in Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract

The increasing importance of location-aware computing and context-dependent information has led to a growing interest in low-cost indoor positioning with submeter accuracy. Localization algorithms can be classified into range-based and range-free techniques. Additionally, localization algorithms are heavily influenced by the technology and network architecture utilized. Availability, cost, reliability and accuracy of localization are the most important parameters when selecting a localization method. In this chapter, we introduce basic localization techniques, discuss how they are implemented with radio frequency devices and then characterize the localization techniques based on the network architecture, utilized technologies and application of localization. We then investigate and address localization in indoor environments where the absence of global positioning system (GPS) and the presence of unique radio propagation properties make this problem one of the most challenging topics of localization in wireless networks. In particular, we study and review the previous work for indoor localization based on radio frequency (RF) signaling (like Bluetooth-based localization) to illustrate localization challenges and how some of them can be overcome.

Investigation of Bluetooth Low Energy (Ble) and Wireless Local Area Network (Wlan)-Derived Distance Measurements Using Mobile Phones for Indoor Positioning

“…The path loss exponent minimizes error due to multipath. Without the correct path loss equation, there would be higher error due to signals bouncing off of surfaces then arriving at the receiver in multiple copies with different RSSI values (Golestanian et al, 2017). Also, a significant difference in accuracy is noted between the 1 minute and 2 minute measurements from the BLE beacon, while Nearby returned more stable and consistent values.…”

Positioning and Navigation Approaches Using Packet Loss-Based Multilateration for UAVs in GPS-Denied Environments

“…However, despite their effectiveness, these methods inherently rely on the availability of sensors [29] [30] [31]. Another viable approach, such as radio-based localization utilizes radio frequency (RF) signal strength to estimate the position of UAVs [32]. One radio-based localization is the RF fingerprinting technique employing the analysis of RF signal characteristics for the localization [21] [33].…”