Radio-Absorbing Materials Based on Polymer Composites and Their Application to Solving the Problems of Electromagnetic Compatibility

Abstract

Recently, designers of electronic equipment have paid special attention to the issue of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of devices with their own components and assemblies. This is due to the high sensitivity of semiconductor microcircuits to electromagnetic interference. This interference can be caused either by natural phenomena, such as lightning strikes, or by technical processes, such as transients in circuits during fast periodic or random switching. Either way, interference implies a sudden change in voltage or current in a circuit, which is undesirable, whether it propagates along a cable or is transmitted as an electromagnetic wave. The purpose of this article is to review the works devoted to the development, creation, and investigation of modern polymeric nanocomposite materials used for shielding electromagnetic radiation and their effective application for solving problems of electromagnetic compatibility. Additionally, the approach to design EMI shielding complex media with predetermined parameters based on investigation of various properties of possible components is shown. In the review, all polymer composites are classified according to the type of filler. The issues of the interaction of a polymer with conductive fillers, the influence of the concentration of fillers and their location inside the matrix, and the structure of the nanocomposite on the mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction are considered. Particular attention is paid to a new generation of nanocomposite materials with widely adjustable electrical and magnetic properties. A wide class of modern filled polymeric materials with dielectric and magneto-dielectric losses is considered. These materials make it possible to create effective absorbers of electromagnetic waves that provide a low level of reflection coefficient in the microwave range. The model mechanisms for shielding electromagnetic radiation are considered in the paper. A detailed review of the electro-physical properties of polymer nanocomposites is provided. Multilayer electrodynamic media containing combinations of layers of filled polymer composite materials with nanoparticles of different compositions and manufactured using a single technology will make it possible to create electrodynamic media and coatings with the required electro-physical characteristics of absorption, transmission, and reflection. Within the framework of the two-layer coating model, the difference in the effects of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with conductive layers located on a dielectric and metal substrate is demonstrated. It is shown that in order to achieve optimal (maximum) values of reflection and absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the appropriate frequency range, it is necessary to fit the appropriate layer thicknesses, specific conductivity, and permittivity. Such approach allows designers to create new shielding materials that can effectively vary the shielding, absorbing, and matching characteristics of coatings over a wide frequency band. In general, it can be said that the development of innovative polymer composite materials for shielding electronic devices from electromagnetic interference and excessive electromagnetic background is still an important task. Its solution will ensure the safe and uninterrupted operation of modern digital electronics and can be used for other applications.

Structure Design, Surface Modification, and Application of CNT Microwave‐Absorbing Composites

“…By varying the composition, thickness, and structure of each layer, the absorption bands can be adjusted and the absorption strength can be increased. [ 154 ] Ghanbari et al. [ 155 ] prepared an epoxy‐based microwave‐absorbing coating containing CNTs, silicon carbide (SiC), and carbonyl iron (CI) particles.…”

“…By varying the composition, thickness, and structure of each layer, the absorption bands can be adjusted and the absorption strength can be increased. [154] Ghanbari et al [155] prepared an epoxy-based microwave-absorbing coating containing CNTs, silicon carbide (SiC), and carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Multilayer selective distribution of absorber fillers can enhance microwave attenuation performance by providing more interlayer interfaces and extending the microwave propagation path.…”

Theoretical Analysis of a Magnetic Shielding System Combining Active and Passive Modes

“…In the power net, numerous electronic apparatuses like generators, substations, and cables are known to emit electromagnetic radiation, with 50 Hz power-line interference being particularly prevalent. Due to the make-before-break of high-power switches in the power grid, interference pulses frequently occur, resulting in the appearance of weak interference magnetic fields [ 4 ]. In addition, the geomagnetic field is always present, so the main sources of magnetic noise are geomagnetic and 50 Hz power-line magnetic field interference, which needs to be shielded.…”

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЛН В РАДИОПОГЛОЩАЮЩИХ Ni–Zn ФЕРРИТАХ

“…Интерес к разработке новых и совершенствованию известных радиопоглощающих и радиоэкранирующих материалов не уменьшается с течением времени, о чем свидетельствуют многочисленные публикации в ведущих мировых изданиях [1][2][3]. Данный факт с одной стороны объясняется широтой сферы их практического применения, а с другой стороны известными ограничениями по диапазону частот, в котором они могут использоваться эффективно.…”