Radical Quenching Activity, Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power, and Ferrous Ion-Chelating Capacity of 16BallotaSpecies and Their Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents

Abstract

The ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of 16 Ballota species (Family Lamiaceae)-Ballota acetabulosa, Ballota antalyanse, Ballota cristata, Ballota glandulosissima, Ballota inaequidens, Ballota larendana, Ballota latibracteolata, Ballota macrodonta, Ballota nigra ssp. anatolica, B. nigra ssp. foetida, B. nigra ssp. nigra, B. nigra ssp. uncinata, Ballota pseudodictamnus ssp. lycia, Ballota rotundifolia, Ballota saxatilis ssp. brachyodonta, and B. saxatilis subsp. saxatilis-were screened for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and ferrous ion-chelating capacity at 1mg/mL. Hispanolone, a major diterpene found in the Ballota genus, was also tested in the same manner. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and AlCl(3) reagents, respectively. The extracts showed insignificant quenching activity against DPPH radical, but they had moderate antioxidant activity (0.597 ± 0.03 to 1.342 ± 0.01) in the ferric-reducing test compared to chlorogenic acid (the reference compound) (3.618 ± 0.01). All of the extracts (ranging from 65.1 ± 0.64% to 96.3 ± 0.09%) and hispanolone (97.31 ± 0.30%) exerted a remarkable ferrous ion-chelating effect. The highest total phenol (gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoid (quercetin equivalent) contents were found in the ethyl acetate extract of B. glandulosissima (393.7 ± 3.03 and 140.6 ± 1.97 mg/g of extract, respectively). Therefore, Ballota species could be a good source of natural preservatives in foodstuffs.

The Anti-Periodontitis Effects of Ethanol Extract Prepared Using Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101

“…The absorbance at 700 nm of each mixture was then measured [ 25 ]. Finally, the Fe 2+ -chelating activity was measured using a previously outlined method [ 26 ].…”

Chemical and pharmacological investigation of micropropagated Hygrophila pogonocalyx produced from leaf explants

“…The ferrous ion chelating activity was determined by the Fe 2+ -ferrozine test system using the method of Erdogan-Orhan et al (Erdogan-Orhan et al 2010). In brief, the test samples were incubated with 2 mM FeCl 2 solution.…”

Comparison of Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Soft Coral-Derived Sinularin and Dihydrosinularin

“…Fe +3 -reducing power is an iron-based in vitro antioxidant measurement [35]. In Fig ure 4, sinularin and dihydrosinularin increase Fe +3 -reducing power in a dose-respons manner.…”

“…Fe +2 -chelating capacity is also the iron-based in vitro antioxidant detection [35]. I Figure 5, the Fe +2 -chelating capacity of sinularin dramatically increases to 6% at 15 μM an reaches a plateau for 7% activity larger than 250 μM.…”