Radical polymerization activity and mechanistic approach in a new three-component photoinitiating system

Fouassier, Jean‐Pierre; Allonas, Xavier; Lalevée, Jacques; Visconti, M.

doi:10.1002/1099-0518(20001215)38:24<4531::aid-pola220>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cationic photopolymerizations initiated by onium salt photoinitiators have become well-established processes in commercial applications and academic research areas. [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] The three-component photoinitiation systems are aimed to enhance the rate and efficiency of photopolymerization process in two simultaneously occurring reaction pathways. Photolysis of onium salts may occur through both heterolytic or homolytic bond cleavage of the photoexcited onium salt resulting in the formation of cation or radical cation species, respectively.…”

Section: -84mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iodonium, sulfonium, phosphonium salts are amongst the mostly utilized onium salt photoinitiator which in common contain a heteroatom with the cationic center and an inorganic metal complex anion as the counter anion part such as BF 4 − , PF 6 − , and SbF 6 − . Both free radical 101 polymerizations. 85 Most onium salts absorb light at the short wavelengths region of the UV spectrum around 300 nm and below.…”

Section: -84mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shining a light on an adaptable photoinitiator: advances in photopolymerizations initiated by thioxanthones

2015

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Photochemistry has been playing a central role in the synthetic polymer community. Aromatic ketones, examples of which include benzophenone, thioxanthone, camphorquinone, among others, are renowned for their excellent optical characteristics and have been extensively taken advantage of photochemically induction of polymerization processes. Of particular interest is thioxanthone due to its adaptability for bearing different functionalities and applications in various modes of photopolymerization which accomplishes photoinitiation in conjunction with other co-initiator compounds; a behavior that is referred to as bi-molecular photoinitiation. In this paper, we review the photochemistry of thioxanthonebased systems and their use in different modes of photoinitiated polymerizations. Citing examples from literature, the development of various photoinitiating systems based on thioxanthones along with an understanding of their mechanistic behavior has been elucidated in advance.Scheme 1 Typical representation of the photolysis of the radical photoinitiators based on Type I (top) and Type II (bottom) systems on the example of a benzoin derivative and thioxanthone, respectively.Scheme 3 Synthesis of thioxanthones by condensation of thiosalicylic acid and aromatic compounds in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Section: -84mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -84mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shining a light on an adaptable photoinitiator: advances in photopolymerizations initiated by thioxanthones

2015

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“…Inter alia the following sensitizers: benzophenone-ketosulfone, eosin Y, coumarin, safranine T, safranine O, thioxhanthene, methylene blue, eosin, camphorquinone, ruthenium complex, iridium complex, pyrene derivatives, pyrromethene derivative, boranil derivative, titanocenes and dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives in combination with diphenyliodonium salts in two-component photoinitiating systems were described. 14,24,33,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] But in the most of photoinitiating systems studied, direct electron transfer from photoexcited dye to iodonium salt was not observed and indeed was precluded by the cationic nature of the dye molecule itself. Diaryliodonium salts are very often used for cationic polymerization of epoxides employing a three component system.…”

Section: The Photoinduced Oxidative Cleavagementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a radical structure on the kinetics of photopolymerization

Kabatc

2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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A radical initiation ability of new initiating systems in photopolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) has been investigated and presented. The evaluation of organoborate salts, iodonium salts, N-alkoxypyridinium salts, maleimides, phthalimides, 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, and others as a free radical source in combination with suitable photosensitizer for radical polymerization of triacrylate is described. It is assumed that the photochemical decomposition of a coinitiator molecule results in the formation of free radicals, which further initiate polymerization. The order of activity of free radical sources on photopolymerization was also found. Diferent initiator activity can be explained by the diference in the decomposition rate constant and the reactivity of radicals formed toward the double bond of monomer.

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“…The photobleaching ratio can be evaluated through the profile of conversion versus exposure time. The conversion can be defined as follows [34].…”

Section: Physicochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Michler's ketone photoinitiator containing coinitiator amine

Wen

Jiang

Yin

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Novel polymeric photoinitiator based on Michler's ketone (MK) (PMKPR) was synthesized by introducing coinitiator amine and MK into the same polymeric chain as well as the low-molecular weight model compounds. UV-vis spectra show that PMKPR has the characteristic UV-vis absorption of MK. The photobleaching behavior of PMKPR and the model compounds were studied, indicating that the photobleaching rate of PMKPR is much faster than that of model compounds. Two types of monomer with different functionality, 2,2-bis[4-(acryloxypolyethoxy)phenyl] propane (A-BPE-10) and trimethylopropane triacrylate (TMPTA), were chosen to be initiated by these photoinitiators. The result indicates that PMKPR is an efficient photoinitiator for polymerization of A-BPE-10 and

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Radical polymerization activity and mechanistic approach in a new three-component photoinitiating system

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Shining a light on an adaptable photoinitiator: advances in photopolymerizations initiated by thioxanthones

Shining a light on an adaptable photoinitiator: advances in photopolymerizations initiated by thioxanthones

The influence of a radical structure on the kinetics of photopolymerization

Polymeric Michler's ketone photoinitiator containing coinitiator amine

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