Radical Open Inguinal Lymphadenectomy for Penile Carcinoma: Surgical Technique, Early Complications and Late Outcomes

Abstract

Our contemporary series includes a lower incidence of complications, such as wound infection, skin flap necrosis, lymphocele and lymphedema. To our knowledge this series represents the lowest incidence rate of complications described in the international literature.

Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy: Refi ning surgical technique after ten years experience

“…Reduction of lymphatic events was not demonstrated in this preliminary reports due to the small number of related events which are probably explained by the relatively low practice and the indiscriminate use of energy to seal lymphatic vessels [8][9][10][11][12][13]. To improve this aspect, we indicate to increase the use of clipping to control small vessels, visualized by laparoscopic magnifi ed vision.…”

“…To improve this aspect, we indicate to increase the use of clipping to control small vessels, visualized by laparoscopic magnifi ed vision. As an adjuvant maneuver, biological glue can be used to reduce lymphatic drainage, as demonstrated in other studies of groin dissection [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…Inguinal nodal involvement is found in 20% to 40% of cases at diagnosis and nodal metastasis is an important predictive factor for survival [2,3]. Metastatic penile carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, since reported results of systemic therapy have been disappointing, even when improvement is achieved [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Penile cancer: a case series in two tertiary care teaching hospitals with review of literature

“…Decision regarding extent of lymphadenectomy is critical because it carries significant morbidity as high as 50% [13]. Complications like surgical site infection (1.2-1.4%), flap necrosis (0.6-4.7%), lymphoedema (5-13.9%), lymphocele (2.1-4%), phlebitis and rarely pulmonary embolism [14] have been reported.…”

Validation of predictors for lymph node status in penile cancer: Results from a population-based cohort

“…[2][3][4] However, inguinal LN dissections are, associated with a significant morbidity, 5 with reported complications as high as 25%. 6,7 Despite the potential benefits of an early LN dissection, it may be viewed as overtreatment in the 75%-90% of patients without micrometastasis. 8 Factors associated with an increased risk of LN metastases in penile cancer include advanced pathological tumour (pT) stage, higher grade, presence of lymphatic and/or vascular invasion and certain histological subtypes.…”