Radiative Transfer to Space through a Precipitating Cloud at Multiple Microwave Frequencies. Part I: Model Description

Mugnai, A.; Smith, Eric A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<1055:rttsta>2.0.co;2

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Well known profile retrieval algorithms include those described by Kummerow & Giglio (1994a,b) and by Mugnai & Smith (1988), Mugnai et al (1993) and Smith et al (1994).…”

Section: Ssm/i Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite estimation of precipitation over land

Petty

Krajewski

1996

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The availability of satellite-derived rainfall products to hydrologists and other natural scientists has increased enormously in the last five years. The purpose of this paper is to review concisely the current state-of-the-art of satellite precipitation estimation over land and the availability of standard products, and to highlight some of the strengths and limitations of satellite-derived rainfall data for hydrological applications. Methods based on infrared, visible and passive microwave radiation measurements are discussed. Results of several international activities aimed at evaluating the performance of the estimation algorithms are briefly summarized. Estimation satellitaire des précipitations terrestres Résumé La disponibilité pour les hydrologues et les autres spécialistes des sciences naturelles de produits concernant les précipitations, élaborés à partir de données satellitaires, a énormément augmenté au cours des cinq dernières années. Le but de cet article est de faire succinctement le point sur l'estimation satellitaire des précipitations terrestres ainsi que sur la disponibilité des produits courants, et de souligner les points forts et les limites des estimations satellitaires des précipitations en vue d'applications hydrologiques. Les méthodes basées sur la mesure de rayonnements infrarouges, visibles ou micro-ondes sont examinées. Les résultats de plusieurs actions internationales visant à évaluer les performances des algorithmes d'estimation sont brièvement résumées.

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“…Well known profile retrieval algorithms include those described by Kummerow & Giglio (1994a,b) and by Mugnai & Smith (1988), Mugnai et al (1993) and Smith et al (1994).…”

Section: Ssm/i Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite estimation of precipitation over land

Petty

Krajewski

1996

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…Three to five channels of LEO PMW sensors are normally available at 10, 19, 23, 37, and 85 or 89/91 GHz and both vertical and horizontal polarizations are usually utilized. The low frequency channels are for measuring emission signals from the surface and atmosphere, while the high frequency channels measure the suppressed T B due to the scattering effects of ice particles [6][7][8][9]. In general, convective clouds associated with TCs have many frozen hydrometeors above the freezing level (~4500 m) and they scatter the energy in the 85-91 GHz channels, thus depressing the signal received by the LEO PMW sensor above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improved NRL Tropical Cyclone Monitoring System with a Unified Microwave Brightness Temperature Calibration Scheme

2014

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Abstract:The near real-time NRL global tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring system based on multiple satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors is improved with a new inter-sensor calibration scheme to correct the biases caused by differences in these sensor's high frequency channels. Since the PMW sensor 89 GHz channel is used in multiple current and near future operational and research satellites, a unified scheme to calibrate all satellite PMW sensor's ice scattering channels to a common 89 GHz is created so that their brightness temperatures (T B s) will be consistent and permit more accurate manual and automated analyses. In order to develop a physically consistent calibration scheme, cloud resolving model simulations of a squall line system over the west Pacific coast and hurricane Bonnie in the Atlantic Ocean are applied to simulate the views from different PMW sensors. To clarify the complicated T B biases due to the competing nature of scattering and emission effects, a four-cloud based calibration scheme is developed (rain, non-rain, light rain, and cloudy). This new physically consistent inter-sensor calibration scheme is then evaluated with the synthetic T B s of hurricane Bonnie and a squall line as well as observed TCs. Results demonstrate the large T B biases up to 13 K for heavy rain situations before calibration between TMI and AMSR-E are reduced to less than 3 K after calibration. The comparison stats show that the overall bias and RMSE are reduced by 74% and 66% for hurricane Bonnie, and 98% and 85% for squall lines, respectively. For the observed hurricane Igor, the bias and RMSE decrease 41% and 25% respectively. This study demonstrates the importance of T B calibrations between PMW sensors in order to systematically monitor the global TC life cycles in terms of intensity, inner core structure

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“…For physically based retrievals these relationships are obtained from physical descriptions of the atmosphere, and the underlying surface, within a radiative transfer model and take the form of either model functions or retrieval databases that are used as the basis for the development of the inversion: the retrieval algorithm (e.g., Wilheit et al 1977;Mugnai and Smith 1988;Smith and Mugnai 1988;Tao et al 1990; Kummerow et al 1991Kummerow et al , 1996Kummerow et al , 2001Smith et al 1992;Simpson and Tao 1993;Wentz and Spencer 1998;Panegrossi et al 1998;Olson et al 1999). As such, the retrievals are subject to the assumptions that went into building the relationship between the observables and the parameters of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Winds under the Rain. Part I: Passive Microwave Rain Retrievals Using a New Observation-Based Parameterization of Subsatellite Rain Variability and Intensity—Algorithm Description

Hristova-Veleva

Callahan

Dunbar

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Scatterometer ocean surface winds have been providing very valuable information to researchers and operational weather forecasters for over 10 years. However, the scatterometer wind retrievals are compromised when rain is present. Merely flagging all rain-affected areas removes the most dynamic and interesting areas from the wind analysis. Fortunately, the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) mission carried a radiometer [the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR)] and a scatterometer, allowing for independent, collocated retrievals of rain. The authors developed an algorithm that uses AMSR observations to estimate the rain inside the scatterometer beam. This is the first in a series of papers that describe their approach to providing rain estimation and correction to scatterometer observations. This paper describes the retrieval algorithm and evaluates it using simulated data. Part II will present its validation when applied to AMSR observations. This passive microwave rain retrieval algorithm addresses the issues of nonuniform beam filling and hydrometeor uncertainty in a novel way by 1) using a large number of soundings to develop the retrieval database, thus accounting for the geographically varying atmospheric parameters; 2) addressing the spatial inhomogeneity of rain by developing multiple retrieval databases with different built-in inhomogeneity and rain intensity, along with a ''rain indicator'' to select the most appropriate database for each observed scene; 3) developing a new cloud-versus-rain partitioning that allows the use of a variety of drop size distribution assumptions to account for some of the natural variability diagnosed from the soundings; and 4) retrieving atmospheric and surface parameters just outside the rainy areas, thus providing information about the environment to help decrease the uncertainty of the rain estimates.

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Radiative Transfer to Space through a Precipitating Cloud at Multiple Microwave Frequencies. Part I: Model Description

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Satellite estimation of precipitation over land

Satellite estimation of precipitation over land

The Improved NRL Tropical Cyclone Monitoring System with a Unified Microwave Brightness Temperature Calibration Scheme

Revealing the Winds under the Rain. Part I: Passive Microwave Rain Retrievals Using a New Observation-Based Parameterization of Subsatellite Rain Variability and Intensity—Algorithm Description

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