Radiative transfer theory solid color‐matching calculations

Abstract

Inc. Col Res Appl, 22, 72-87, 1997 duction of multi-angle measuring spectrophotometers to characterize metallic and pearlescent colors and very Key words: color formulation; radiative transfer theory; powerful personal computers, there is a renewed interest surface corrections; Kubelka-Munk theory in the radiative transfer approach to computer color matching.

Color and Weave Relationship in Woven Fabrics

“…This blending of color is governed by the above mentioned color mixing principles. Blending of fibers has been very well studied in the past (Pierce 1997, Burlone 1990, Friele 1965, Miller 1979, Guthrie 1962, Burlone 1983, Walowit 1987, Burlone 1984, Reed et. al.…”

Reflection of light from semi‐infinite absorbing turbid media. Part 1: Spherical albedo

“…Surface reflection corrections as used in color matching are described in detail by Pierce and Marcus. 1 Therefore, they will be not considered here. However, we note that the account for the boundary surface reflection contribution (e.g., from a resin film, where pigments are embedded) can be easily done, if needed.…”

“…The problem of light interaction with a turbid medium is of great importance for various technological applications including the creation and improvement of color-matching programs, which are widely used in paint, plastics, and textile laboratories. 1 Usually, the Kubelka-Munk 2 approximation (KMA) is used as a main theoretical tool for technological applications. As emphasized by Pierce and Marcus, 1 excellent matches could be made for light and medium shade solid colors, using KMA.…”

“…An excellent review of the theory as far as isotropic scattering is of concern was given by Pierce and Marcus. 1 A comprehensive bibliographical review containing 132 references was prepared by Phillips-Invernizzi et al 4 This article is composed of five sections. Main Definition and Phase Function sections are aimed to describe the main definitions and the description of single scattering laws used in this study, respectively.…”

Random walk analysis for reflection and transmission of turbid media

“…A number of techniques have been developed to calculate the reflectance in such cases, in particular radiative transfer theory (RT). [3][4][5] RT does not admit an analytic solution, except under certain simplifying assumptions, 6 but a stable numerical solution has been developed-the discrete ordinate method-which is widely used. 4,7 A method much used in industry is Kubelka-Munk 8 theory which is a two-flux approximation to RT.…”