Radiative forcing of organic aerosol in the atmosphere and on snow: Effects of SOA and brown carbon

Lin, Guang; Penner, Joyce E.; Flanner, M.; Sillman, Sanford; Xu, Li; Zhou, Cheng

doi:10.1002/2013jd021186

Cited by 237 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The estimated OC forcing has a fourfold increase from 0.2 W m −2 (for a mean OC concentration of 13.8 ng g −1 during to 0.84 W m −2 (for a mean OC concentration of 61.3 ng g −1 in 2006), which are 27 and 43 % of the corresponding BC-in-snow forcing, respectively. The OC / BC forcing ratios based on our simple guesses are larger than the upper bound of the estimates (i.e., 24 %) by Lin et al (2014).…”

Section: Radiative Forcing Induced By Carbonaceous Aerosols In Tibetacontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…A more recent observational study by Dang and Hegg (2014) quantified the light absorption by different light-absorbing particulates in snow, and suggested that humic-like substances and polar OC contributed 9 and 4 % to the total light absorption, respectively. Despite the substantial uncertainties in brown carbon optical properties, a recent global modeling study (Lin et al, 2014), in which a range of optical properties of brown carbon taken from the literature were applied to OC-in-snow concentrations simulated in a global chemical transport model, showed that the global OC forcing in land snow and sea ice is up to 24 % of that caused by BC. Thus, the contribution of OC in snow to the surface albedo reduction is likely to be important, which has also been considered in recent climate modeling studies (Qian et al, 2015).…”

Section: Radiative Forcing Induced By Carbonaceous Aerosols In Tibetamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonaceous aerosols recorded in a southeastern Tibetan glacier: analysis of temporal variations and model estimates of sources and radiative forcing

Wang

Cao

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. High temporal resolution measurements of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) covering the time period of in an ice core over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau show a distinct seasonal dependence of BC and OC with higher respective concentrations but a lower OC / BC ratio in the non-monsoon season than during the summer monsoon. We use a global aerosol-climate model, in which BC emitted from different source regions can be explicitly tracked, to quantify BC source-receptor relationships between four Asian source regions and the southeastern Tibetan Plateau as a receptor. The model results show that South Asia has the largest contribution to the presentday (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) mean BC deposition at the ice-core drilling site during the non-monsoon season (October to May) (81 %) and all year round (74 %), followed by East Asia (14 % to the non-monsoon mean and 21 % to the annual mean). The icecore record also indicates stable and relatively low BC and OC deposition fluxes from the late 1950s to 1980, followed by an overall increase to recent years. This trend is consistent with the BC and OC emission inventories and the fuel consumption of South Asia (as the primary contributor to annual mean BC deposition). Moreover, the increasing trend of the OC / BC ratio since the early 1990s indicates a growing contribution of coal combustion and/or biomass burning to the emissions. The estimated radiative forcing induced by BC and OC impurities in snow has increased since 1980, suggesting an increasing potential influence of carbonaceous aerosols on the Tibetan glacier melting and the availability of water resources in the surrounding regions. Our study indicates that more attention to OC is merited because of its non-negligible light absorption and the recent rapid increases evident in the ice-core record.

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Section: Radiative Forcing Induced By Carbonaceous Aerosols In Tibetacontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Radiative Forcing Induced By Carbonaceous Aerosols In Tibetamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous aerosols recorded in a southeastern Tibetan glacier: analysis of temporal variations and model estimates of sources and radiative forcing

Wang

Cao

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In western North America, Dang and Hegg (2014) suggested that OC was responsible for more than 10 % of the total light absorption. A global model by Lin et al (2014) estimated the role of OC in the reduction of snow albedo and suggested that the radiative forcing (RF, the difference between insolation (sunlight) absorbed by the snow surface and energy radiated back to space in this study) of OC deposited to land snow and sea ice ranges from +0.0011 to +0.0031 W m −2 , contributing as much as 24 % of the forcing caused by BC in snow and ice. The RF of snow pit dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a Tibetan glacier was calculated to be 0.43 W m −2 , indicating that DOC in snow needed to be taken into consideration for the accelerating glacial melt on the TP .…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Due to its light-absorbing properties (Andreae and Gelencsér, 2006;Bahaur et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2016), OC in snow cover can also absorb solar radiation and reduce the surface albedo. Previous studies indicated that OC was responsible for more than 10-40 % of the light absorption Doherty et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015). Not considering OC in snow will underestimate the LAP impact on albedo reduction and RF, and this should not be ignored in the future.…”

Section: Limitations and Implications For Snow Cover And Glaciers On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role for sustaining ecology and society in mountainous regions. Light-absorbing particulates (including black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) deposited on snow can reduce surface albedo and contribute to the near-worldwide melting of snow and ice. This study focused on understanding the role of black carbon and other water-insoluble light-absorbing particulates in the snow cover of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results found that the black carbon, organic carbon, and dust concentrations in snow cover generally ranged from 202 to 17 468 ng g −1 , 491 to 13 880 ng g −1 , and 22 to 846 µg g −1 , respectively, with higher concentrations in the central to northern areas of the TP. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the northern TP was influenced mainly by air masses from Central Asia with some Eurasian influence, and air masses in the central and Himalayan region originated mainly from Central and South Asia. The relative biomassburning-sourced black carbon contributions decreased from ∼ 50 % in the southern TP to ∼ 30 % in the northern TP. The relative contribution of black carbon and dust to snow albedo reduction reached approximately 37 and 15 %, respectively. The effect of black carbon and dust reduced the snow cover duration by 3.1 ± 0.1 to 4.4 ± 0.2 days. Meanwhile, the black carbon and dust had important implications for snowmelt water loss over the TP. The findings indicate that the impacts of black carbon and mineral dust need to be properly accounted for in future regional climate projections, particularly in the high-altitude cryosphere.

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“…Open biomass burning (BB) is one of the largest global sources of BC and organic carbon (OC), and biomass burning emissions have a significant direct effect on the Earth's radiative balance (Bond et al, 2013). When biomass burning emissions interact with clouds, there are significant semi-direct and indirect effects, and the magnitude of the semi-direct effects depends on the optical properties of the emitted aerosols (Sakaeda et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2014;Jacobson, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relative importance of black carbon, brown carbon, and absorption enhancement from clear coatings in biomass burning emissions

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A wide range of globally significant biomass fuels were burned during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4). A multi-channel photoacoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) measured dry absorption at 405, 532, and 660 nm and thermally denuded (250 • C) absorption at 405 and 660 nm. Absorption coefficients were broken into contributions from black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), and lensing following three different methodologies, with one extreme being a method that assumes the thermal denuder effectively removes organics and the other extreme being a method based on the assumption that black carbon (BC) has an Ångström exponent of unity. The methodologies employed provide ranges of potential importance of BrC to absorption but, on average, there was a difference of a factor of 2 in the ratio of the fraction of absorption attributable to BrC estimated by the two methods. BrC absorption at shorter visible wavelengths is of equal or greater importance to that of BC, with maximum contributions of up to 92 % of total aerosol absorption at 405 nm and up to 58 % of total absorption at 532 nm. Lensing is estimated to contribute a maximum of 30 % of total absorption, but typically contributes much less than this. Absorption enhancements and the estimated fraction of absorption from BrC show good correlation with the elemental-carbon-to-organic-carbon ratio (EC / OC) of emitted aerosols and weaker correlation with the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). Previous studies have shown that BrC grows darker (larger imaginary refractive index) as the ratio of black to organic aerosol (OA) mass increases. This study is consistent with those findings but also demonstrates that the fraction of total absorption attributable to BrC shows the opposite trend: increasing as the organic fraction of aerosol emissions increases and the EC / OC ratio decreases.

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Radiative forcing of organic aerosol in the atmosphere and on snow: Effects of SOA and brown carbon

Cited by 237 publications

References 122 publications

Carbonaceous aerosols recorded in a southeastern Tibetan glacier: analysis of temporal variations and model estimates of sources and radiative forcing

Carbonaceous aerosols recorded in a southeastern Tibetan glacier: analysis of temporal variations and model estimates of sources and radiative forcing

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

Relative importance of black carbon, brown carbon, and absorption enhancement from clear coatings in biomass burning emissions

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