Radiation Segmentectomy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Practical Review of Evidence

Mourad, Sophia N.; De la Garza-Ramos, Cynthia; Toskich, Beau B.

doi:10.3390/cancers16030669

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Thermal ablation, surgical resection, and LT are thought to be the first-line treatments for early-stage HCC; however, many HCC patients are not suitable candidates for these procedures because of comorbidities, location of the tumor, and underlying liver disease. Under such circumstances, locoregional therapies, including transarterial radioembolization (TARE) or chemoembolization (TACE), are recommended [ 20 ]. RFA involves using two electrodes on a single antenna opposite to each other in a tumor by visualizing the image and supplying an electric current to increase the necrosis of tumor cells [ 5 ].…”

Section: Emerging Therapeutic Options For Hcc Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Beyond the Border of Advanced Stage Therapy

Zarlashat,

Abbas,

Ghaffar

2024

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the deadliest emergent health issue around the globe. The stronger oncogenic effect, proteins, and weakened immune response are precisely linked with a significant prospect of developing HCC. Several conventional systemic therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, and immunotherapy techniques have significantly improved the outcomes for early-, intermediate-, and advanced-stage HCC patients, giving new hope for effective HCC management and prolonged survival rates. Innovative therapeutic approaches beyond conventional treatments have altered the landscape of managing HCC, particularly focusing on targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The advancement in HCC treatment suggested by the Food and Drug Administration is multidimensional treatment options, including multikinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, ramucirumab, and cabozantinib) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, tremelimumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab), in monotherapy and in combination therapy to increase life expectancy of HCC patients. This review highlights the efficacy of multikinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in monotherapy and combination therapy through the analysis of phase II, and III clinical trials, targeting the key molecular pathways involved in cellular signaling and immune response for the prospective treatment of advanced and unresectable HCC and discusses the upcoming combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Finally, the hidden challenges with pharmacological therapy for HCC, feasible solutions for the future, and implications of possible presumptions to develop drugs for HCC treatment are reported.

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Section: Emerging Therapeutic Options For Hcc Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%