Radiation safety parameters following prostate brachytherapy

Smathers, Sesalie; Wallner, Kent E.; Korssjoen, Tammy; Bergsagel, Carl; Hudson, Rick H; Sutlief, Steven; Blasko, John C.

doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00168-6

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Now some publications are available which provide interesting and important data on radiation protection for 125 I and 103 Pd permanent implants. These data [2,3,6,8,10,18] support the conclusion that patients treated with these implants do not represent a radiation risk to members of the public. As regards family members and close friends or carers, it must be taken into account, however, that for these persons there may result dose rate values -due to smaller distances and considerably longer periods of contact -that lead to radiation exposures exceeding, e.g., 1 mSv per calendar year [2,7,8].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

Kaulich¹,

Bamberg²

2010

Strahlenther Onkol

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Background: Permanent interstitial brachytherapy is -in certain cases -a very successful therapeutic option, but application of radioactive implants always results in only gradually diminishing radiation exposure of persons in the patient's immediate surroundings. Material and Methods: Using patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with iodine-125 ( 125 I) or palladium-103 ( 103 Pd) as an example, it is shown how a patient, if necessary or wished by him, can, by wearing commercially available X-ray protection shorts, reduce radiation exposure of family members in such a way that at a distance r from the patient a given dose per year is not exceeded. Results: The computational procedures necessary for the determination of the individual periods of wearing X-ray protection clothing are provided in the form of formulae and graphics. All considerations and calculations can also be applied to other radiotherapeutic interventions involving the use of 125 I, 103 Pd or other γ-sources. Conclusion: If necessary, a patient with permanent radioactive implants can reduce radiation exposure of family members by wearing special X-ray protection clothing for a limited period of time. This kind of radiation protection is very efficient and considerably simpler to accomplish than a reduction of exposure time or an increase of the distance between the patient and family members. Strahlenschutz von Personen, die mit Patienten mit radioaktiven Implantaten zusammenlebenHintergrund: Die permanente interstitielle Brachytherapie ist eine sehr erfolgreiche therapeutische Option, die aber immer auch mit einer Strahlenexposition von Personen in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Patienten verbunden ist. Material and Methodik: Am Beispiel von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom, die mit Jod-125 ( 125 I) oder Palladium-103 ( 103 Pd) behandelt wurden, wird gezeigt, wie der Patient durch individuell begrenzte Tragedauer kommerziell erhältlicher Strahlenschutzhosen die Strahlenexposition seiner Familienmitglieder, falls erforderlich oder von ihm gewünscht, so limitieren kann, dass im Abstand r vom Patienten eine vorgegebene Dosis pro Jahr nicht überschritten wird. Ergebnisse: Die benötigten Berechnungsgrundlagen werden als Formeln und Grafiken zur Bestimmung der individuellen Tragedauer der Strahlenschutzhosen präsentiert. Alle Überlegungen und Berechnungen lassen sich auch auf andere strahlentherapeutische Maßnahmen mit 125 I, 103 Pd oder auch andere γ-Strahler anwenden. Schlussfolgerung: Ein Patient mit radioaktivem Permanentimplantat kann durch das zeitlich begrenzte Tragen von Strahlenschutzhosen die Strahlenexposition von Familienmitgliedern stark reduzieren. Diese Strahlenschutzmaßnahme ist sehr wirkungsvoll und wesentlich einfacher anzuwenden als eine Reduktion der Aufenthaltsdauer oder eine Vergrößerung des Abstands zu Familienmitgliedern. Schlüsselwörter: Brachytherapie · Seedimplantation · 125 I · 103 Pd · Strahlenschutz IntroductionThe use of radioactive implants (iodine-125 [ 125 I] or palladium-103 [ 103 Pd] seeds) has been in...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

Kaulich¹,

Bamberg²

2010

Strahlenther Onkol

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“…Most existing radiation safety literature describes exposure with respect to the community or family of the patient rather than the practitioner [11,12]. One such study investigating dose to the performing staff determined that with the use of personal lead, body doses were near negligible but hands received the highest doses, an average of 420 microSv per implant [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This risk to the practitioner is exacerbated by the lack of mechanized after-loading, which has been employed in high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy [9]. Numerous articles reporting data about radiation exposure to the general public exist [10][11][12]. In addition, the literature also includes practical and effective methods of reducing exposure to the general public.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Perineal Shield for Low-Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy

Weiner

Schreiber

Polubruv

et al. 2014

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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“…For example, the average exposure rate at the anterior skin surface following I-125 prostate brachytherapy implant is 5.0 mR/ h, and for Pd-103 implant is 1.7 mR/ h. 12 Additionally, GliaSite ® is a short duration implant rather than a permanent one. Thus, the higher measured exposure rates do not result in exposures above the regulatory limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal conditions, the amount of radioactivity appearing in the urine during GliaSite ® treatments is Ͻ0.2% of the afterloaded amount. 11,12 For GliaSite ® brachytherapy, external exposures to other people are the main concern for patient release. Equation …”

Section: Iia Radiation Exposures To Family Members and Caregiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and safety of outpatient brachytherapy in 37 patients with brain tumors using the GliaSite^® Radiation Therapy System

et al. 2008

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Temporary, low dose rate brachytherapy to the margins of resected brain tumors, using a balloon catheter system (GliaSite Radiation Therapy System) and liquid I-125 radiation source (Iotrex), began in 2002 at the University of Arizona Medical Center. Initially, all patients were treated on an inpatient basis. For patient convenience, we converted to outpatient therapy. In this article we review the exposure data and safety history for the 37 patients treated as outpatients. Proper patient selection and instruction is crucial to having a successful outpatient brachytherapy program. A set of evaluation criteria and patient instructions were developed in compliance with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's document NUREG-1556 Volume 9 (Appendix U) and Arizona State Nuclear regulatory guidelines, which specify acceptable exposure rates for outpatient release in this setting. Of the 37 patients monitored, 26 patients were treated for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), six for primary GBM, and five for metastatic brain tumors. All 37 patients and their primary caregivers gave signed agreement to follow a specific set of instructions and were released for the duration of brachytherapy (3-7 days). The typical prescription dose was 60 Gy delivered at 0.5 cm from the balloon surface. Afterloaded activities in these patients ranged from 90.9 to 750.0 mCi and measured exposure rates at 1 m from the head were less than 14 mR/h. The mean exposure to the caretaker measured by personal radiation Landauer Luxel + whole body dosimeters for 25 caretakers was found to be 9.6 mR, which was significantly less than the mean calculated exposure of 136.8 mR. For properly selected patients, outpatient brachytherapy is simple and can be performed within established regulatory guidelines.

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Radiation safety parameters following prostate brachytherapy

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

A Novel Perineal Shield for Low-Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy

Feasibility and safety of outpatient brachytherapy in 37 patients with brain tumors using the GliaSite^® Radiation Therapy System

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Radiation safety parameters following prostate brachytherapy

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

Radiation Protection of Persons Living Close to Patients with Radioactive Implants

A Novel Perineal Shield for Low-Dose Rate Prostate Brachytherapy

Feasibility and safety of outpatient brachytherapy in 37 patients with brain tumors using the GliaSite® Radiation Therapy System

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Feasibility and safety of outpatient brachytherapy in 37 patients with brain tumors using the GliaSite^® Radiation Therapy System